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Cálculo integral em R

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1.2. FÓRMULA FUNDAMENTAL DO CÁLCULO INTEGRAL.<br />

2<br />

1<br />

−2<br />

y<br />

1<br />

2<br />

3<br />

y = x − 2<br />

y = 2 − x<br />

6. Record<strong>em</strong>os a fórmula de primitivação por partes P (u ′ v) = uv−P(uv ′ ). Tomando u ′ = 1<br />

e v = log x obt<strong>em</strong>os<br />

Assim,<br />

P 1 · log x = x log x − P x 1<br />

= x log x − x = x(log x − 1).<br />

x<br />

e<br />

1<br />

log xdx = [x(log x − 1)] e<br />

1 = e(1 − 1) − (−1) = 1.<br />

7. A função f(x) = arctg x é a função trignométrica inversa da tangente. Esta função está<br />

definida <strong>em</strong> todo o R e t<strong>em</strong> como contradomínio ] − π π<br />

2 , 2 [. O seu gráfico encontra-se<br />

representado na seguinte figura.<br />

1.5<br />

1<br />

0.5<br />

0<br />

-0.5<br />

-1<br />

-1.5<br />

− √ 3<br />

π 2<br />

√<br />

3<br />

−<br />

3<br />

-4 -2<br />

−<br />

0 2 4<br />

π 2<br />

T<strong>em</strong>-se (arctg x) ′ = 1<br />

1+x 2. Como P f ′ f = 1<br />

2 f2 obt<strong>em</strong>os<br />

Assim,<br />

1<br />

0<br />

P<br />

arctg x<br />

= P<br />

1 + x2 −1<br />

π 3<br />

π 4<br />

π 6<br />

− π 6<br />

− π 4<br />

− π 3<br />

√ 3<br />

3<br />

1<br />

x<br />

√ 3<br />

1 1<br />

1 + x2arctg x =<br />

2 arctg2x. arctg x 1 2 1 1<br />

dx = arctg x =<br />

1 + x2 2 0 2 (arctg21 − arctg 2 0) = 1<br />

2<br />

atan(x)<br />

<br />

π<br />

2 =<br />

4<br />

π2<br />

32 .<br />

ISA/UTL – Licões de Mat<strong>em</strong>ática – 2005 9

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