CKZ_izbris_studentska_zalozba_2008

of fascism, the politics of erasure, the imprisonment
of people and the process by which they become
illegal. It reflects the domestic struggles of the erased
as well as the local politics of exclusion that are based
on Schengen and »Apartheid« standards. It does this
through the struggles of children, friends and relatives
of those who were »disappeared« in Honduras
and Guatemala while also discussing the struggle
of women in Chiapas and Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Comparison with Honduras is interesting because it
offers an analysis of political, historical, and legal irresponsibility.
On the other hand, the comparison with
Guatemala engenders the rethinking of a number of
political and other revolutionary practices that carry
the heart of courage, and the joy of life, of urban
teenagers. Both cases are used for theoretical analysis
and/or the description of domestic revolutionary practices.
The political activity of women refugees from
Acteal reveals how the greatest horrors can be transformed
into symbolic and creative power for action
(potencio) while the actions of women and mothers
from Srebrenica shows – in the advent of being unable
to stop the symbolic oppression of »democratic
institutions« - how to resist with dignity even after
genocide.
The children of the disappeared have the sensitivity
and reason to look beyond these immutable
frameworks, and conjure up a »phantom relationship
with the disappeared«. By waking the historical consciousness
of a rebellious people, they awake revolutionary
politics and achieve the impossible – they
dispense with shameful occasions of state celebration
and make their own. They enter the forbidden sites
of historical massacres and subjugate them. They
become untouchable when they carry revolution in
their hands, on banners, in iconography, in words
and in pictures, but – above all – when they carry it
through to their mutual activities and interpersonal
relationships. It is here, in front of us, that the erased
are alive. We do not, however, know how to establish
such phantom relations. While they are alive
or at least »lively-dead« we still have time to know
them, feel them, embrace them, and take them forth
towards struggles of dignity. The road to there is
thorny. Many have already been lost on the way.
Keywords: erased, disappeared, genocide, cultural
and political practices, the production of in-betweeness,
political and legal responsibility, repressive
politics, fascism
101 Vlasta Jalušič
Organized innocence and exclusion:
Nation states and citizenship in the aftermath
of wars and collective crimes
This paper offers a tentative analysis of some problematic
»post-totalitarian« elements that can be found
in the processes of establishment of the post-Yugoslav
nation-states and that have their origin in the time
before, during, and after the period of wars and collective
crimes. Deploying the thought of Hannah
Arendt, the author asks questions about some features
of the new post-war communities and their
nation-states, such as the following: Why are they
based on ideologies of non-responsibility for the past
and on some very unpleasant features of the newly
established »citizenship« and national identity – producing
new exclusions and inventing new techniques
of tribal nationalist and racist dehumanization within
the framework of a nation-state’s »demographic policies«
This paper describes the »organized innocence
syndrome« and that is seen as a conditioning commonality
of all the newly established states. Special attention
is payed to the post-war case of the »erased«
(inhabitants from the former Yugoslavia) in Slovenia.
The example of the erased is contextualized through a
background of incidents in other parts of the former
Yugoslavia after the war (silence about the past, occurrence
of new exclusions and resistance to facing collective
responsibility and individual guilt), the period
of preparation for the war (such as the mass/collective
population mobilization by Milošević, and established
elements of terror), and events from the time
of war (mass crimes like the genocide in Srebrenica
– today located in Republika Srpska in Bosnia and
Herzegovina).
Keywords: organized innocence, guilt and
responsibility, war, collective crimes, state and
citizenship, nationalism and nationalness, Hannah
Arendt, erased, Yugoslavia, Serbia, Slovenia
256 Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo in novo antropologijo | 228 | Povzetki