Aerial Archaeology in Ireland - The Heritage Council

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Figure 4: Kells, Co. Meath, showing the curving street pattern indicative of the town’s early medieval monastic origins (Leo Swan Archive) 25
26 2 PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF AIR PHOTOGRAPHY IN IRELAND 2.1 Guides to Air Photographic Collections There is no general guide to air photographic collections in Ireland. However, the second edition of a directory of accessible collections of aerial photography held in the United Kingdom (NAPLIB 2001) includes a number of collections which cover parts of the Irish Republic as well as Northern Ireland. There is no comparable guide to air photographic collections held in Ireland. In compiling this source, responses to questionnaires were widely circulated over a two-year period, with additional investigation of sources and detail added by NAPLIB members and colleagues from many professional associations. The Directory identifies many new collections over the previous edition and demonstrates a great diversity of topics tackled by aerial photography. These range from marine navigation to the coverage of sporting events, as well as the staples of recording the built and natural environment which dominated the earlier edition. The Directory is organised by United Kingdom Post Code, source name and dates of cover. It also provides guidance on the interpretation of aerial photography, tracing the locations of photography from long disbanded organisations and on copyright clearance. 2.2 Public Archival Material National Monuments Section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government The National Monuments Section of the DoEHLG holds a range of air photographic archival material (e.g. Figures 5, 6, 19, 24, 26, 27, 28, 44, 51, 55). This collection comprises: • Prints of OSi’s full national coverage through black-and-white aerial photography at 1:30,000 scale, flown in 1974. • Aerial colour photography of Co. Dublin flown at c. 1:5,000 scale in the 1980s, and some other vertical aerial photography of limited geographic areas (e.g. East Limerick West/Tipperary medium altitude survey — Doody 2001). • Prints of relevant photographs from a variety of archive sources (chiefly GSI, OSi, CUCAP; some BKS), and material taken in the course of archaeological survey for the Archaeological Survey of Ireland by a number of individuals. These prints are mainly black-and-white (both vertical and oblique), with some oblique colour photography. They are held, together with ground-level photographs, within the individual site files for the SMR. • A separate collection of photographs, taken by the National Monuments Section photographic unit over many years, consists of important national monuments, national parks, other significant places, and key sites covered by the County Inventories. These include low-level oblique aerial photography (both blackand-white and colour). Most were taken for combined purposes of record and illustration/publicity. It is not possible to estimate the quantity of aerial photographs in this material since the aerial images are filed and catalogued with ground-level photographs of the same sites; it is certainly a significant collection, although only a minority of the sites include aerial photography. A separate part of this collection includes low-level air photography taken in colour transparencies, which again includes a variety of nationally important sites and places, and reflects particular projects (e.g. a survey of the Shannon navigation and other waterways, Phoenix Park, Dublin, some nationally important landscape areas).
Page 1 and 2: A I R A N D E A R T H A E R I A L A
Page 3 and 4: © An Chomhairle Oidhreachta / The
Page 5 and 6: 3.9 Integration with other Types of
Page 7 and 8: Figure 14: The Discovery Programme
Page 9 and 10: Figure 39: This vertical photograph
Page 11 and 12: 10 Foreword One of the initiatives
Page 13 and 14: 12 Acknowledgements It would not ha
Page 15 and 16: 14 Key Priorities for Aerial Archae
Page 17 and 18: 16 • A practical handbook in arch
Page 19 and 20: 18 • A series of pilot studies co
Page 21 and 22: 20 5. Any new strategy for reconnai
Page 23 and 24: 22 As a means of discovering archae
Page 25: 24 Drawing on the work of O.G.S. Cr
Page 29 and 30: 28 National Museum of Ireland While
Page 31 and 32: 30 Other material held by the GSI i
Page 33 and 34: 32 Figure 9: An infrared vertical i
Page 35 and 36: 34 The aims and objectives of these
Page 37 and 38: 36 2.5 Private Collections Dr Daphn
Page 39 and 40: 38 2.6 Commercial Collections Two w
Page 41 and 42: 40 Figure 18: Google Earth satellit
Page 43 and 44: 42 3.2 Aerial Platforms The equipme
Page 45 and 46: 44 Figures 20 a-b: The use of ballo
Page 47 and 48: 46 Figure 23: The true form of the
Page 49 and 50: 48 Figure 25: The cumulative impact
Page 51 and 52: 50 3.4 Conventional Photography: Di
Page 53 and 54: 52 Vertical versus Oblique Photogra
Page 55 and 56: 54 Metrical Survey As Doody observe
Page 57 and 58: 56 shoreline and topography (ground
Page 59 and 60: 58 The fieldwork showed that the ge
Page 61 and 62: 60 Sonar Bathymetry Although there
Page 63 and 64: 62 Both Kelleher (1995) and Redfern
Page 65 and 66: 64 Interpreting Chronology and Sequ
Page 67 and 68: 66 While the Archaeological Survey
Page 69 and 70: 68 County No. Ringforts No. identif
Page 71 and 72: 70 Figure 36: Newly identified crop
Page 73 and 74: 72 Figures 38 a-b: Contrasts in urb
Page 75 and 76: 74 Roles and potential for historic
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76 4.2 Roles in Supporting Archaeol
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78 Figures 41 a-b: Gillian Barrett
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80 The Archaeology of Lakes, Coast
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82 Whole Landscape Approaches Perha
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84 Figure 45: Drumlin landscape nea
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86 Roads The National Roads Authori
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88 Pipelines The general principles
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90 General Development Where there
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92 ‘…numerous sites in pasture
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94 • • Earthen monuments are co
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96 Designed Landscapes and Conserva
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98 showing the clear benefits of in
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100 Figure 55: Aerial photograph of
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102 5 QUALITY, RESOURCES AND ORGANI
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104 Estimates of costs per site or
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106 ago in England, may have meant
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108 6 TEACHING AND TRAINING 6.1 Cov
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110 6.2 Other Provisions for Traini
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112 Benson, D and Miles, D 1974. Th
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114 Doody, M G, 1995. ‘Ballyhoura
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116 Twohig and M. Ronayne (eds) Pas
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118 Raftery, J, 1951. Prehistoric I
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120 Colin Shell Cambridge Universit
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