Aerial Archaeology in Ireland - The Heritage Council

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Geological Survey of Ireland The principal collection available at the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI 1983; M Parkes pers. comm.) is a complete set of 60% forward and 25% sideways overlapping stereoscopic black-and-white vertical coverage of Ireland, flown in 1973-77. The first complete air photographic survey of Ireland, it was undertaken by the Institut Nationale of France. Photos were taken at a scale of 1:30,000 with Wild RC8 and RC10 cameras with a 6” focal length. Photogrammetric vertical and planar location is recorded as being accurate up to + 1.5m. Figure 7: Geological Survey of Ireland 1:30,000 vertical photograph of the Boyne Valley showing megalithic tomb of Dowth and associated monuments (5 April 1973, Geological Survey of Ireland/Ordnance Survey Ireland) 29
30 Other material held by the GSI includes a set of non-stereoscopic Air Corps photos taken in the 1950s, although this is not a complete national coverage. A set of 1995 vertical photography flown at a scale of 1:5,000 was recently purchased from the OSi as the basis for 1:50,000 ortho-photography creating a digital mosaic map. There is a small amount of satellite imagery for Co. Mayo. The GSI does not hold a significant set of oblique photography. The GSI collection is available for viewing purposes only; copies of photographs are available from the OSi which is currently scanning the images for GSI. The collection can be accessed during normal office hours, and there is a viewing charge of €13 (Student €4). An index for the photographs based on the National Grid is also available. A search service is provided, with simple stereoscopes available to assist viewing. The majority of users are archaeologists. Although there are no records of actual figures, this pattern of use is reported to be very marked, and is borne out by comments from archaeologists themselves. Several have noted the relative ease of access to the GSI collection, compared with the OSi. Many archaeologists also ask to use the Air Corps photos taken in the 1950s, although that set is not complete national coverage. The GSI is responsible for the Irish National Seabed Survey data, including airborne lidar surveys (Section 3.4) off the west coast of Ireland. Three areas have been surveyed: Mulroy Bay, Northern Donegal; Clew Bay, Co. Mayo; and Killalla Bay, Co. Mayo. While the data has been used primarily for bathymetric purposes, field boundaries and disused jetties are clearly visible in the imagery. For Phase 2 of the Survey, key bays and priority areas around Ireland have been targeted for integrated survey work. The areas have been selected after intensive consultation among the various stakeholders, including the Underwater Archaeology Unit of DoEHLG. Air Corps, Baldonnell The Air Corps holds a significant collection of historic aerial photography, virtually all dating from before the early 1970s when responsibility for civil air photography was passed to the OSi. Reconnaissance for these purposes ceased in about 1978, though reconnaissance and training for military purposes continue. In terms of vertical air photography, there is coverage of various areas dating from c. 1951 to the mid 1970s (e.g. Figure 8). None of this represents complete coverage of Ireland, and the emphasis tends to be on coastal areas. Nevertheless, coverage is fairly extensive, totalling around 200 rolls of up to 200 @ 9 x 9 inch frames, mostly taken at 10,500 feet and some at 5,400 feet, mostly in stereoscopic format with 60% overlap. Figure 8: Air Corps vertical photograph of Newgrange, Co. Meath, taken during low-angled sunlight on 20 December 1972 (Government Stationery Office)
Page 1 and 2: A I R A N D E A R T H A E R I A L A
Page 3 and 4: © An Chomhairle Oidhreachta / The
Page 5 and 6: 3.9 Integration with other Types of
Page 7 and 8: Figure 14: The Discovery Programme
Page 9 and 10: Figure 39: This vertical photograph
Page 11 and 12: 10 Foreword One of the initiatives
Page 13 and 14: 12 Acknowledgements It would not ha
Page 15 and 16: 14 Key Priorities for Aerial Archae
Page 17 and 18: 16 • A practical handbook in arch
Page 19 and 20: 18 • A series of pilot studies co
Page 21 and 22: 20 5. Any new strategy for reconnai
Page 23 and 24: 22 As a means of discovering archae
Page 25 and 26: 24 Drawing on the work of O.G.S. Cr
Page 27 and 28: 26 2 PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF AIR PHOTO
Page 29: 28 National Museum of Ireland While
Page 33 and 34: 32 Figure 9: An infrared vertical i
Page 35 and 36: 34 The aims and objectives of these
Page 37 and 38: 36 2.5 Private Collections Dr Daphn
Page 39 and 40: 38 2.6 Commercial Collections Two w
Page 41 and 42: 40 Figure 18: Google Earth satellit
Page 43 and 44: 42 3.2 Aerial Platforms The equipme
Page 45 and 46: 44 Figures 20 a-b: The use of ballo
Page 47 and 48: 46 Figure 23: The true form of the
Page 49 and 50: 48 Figure 25: The cumulative impact
Page 51 and 52: 50 3.4 Conventional Photography: Di
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Page 55 and 56: 54 Metrical Survey As Doody observe
Page 57 and 58: 56 shoreline and topography (ground
Page 59 and 60: 58 The fieldwork showed that the ge
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Page 63 and 64: 62 Both Kelleher (1995) and Redfern
Page 65 and 66: 64 Interpreting Chronology and Sequ
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Page 75 and 76: 74 Roles and potential for historic
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80 The Archaeology of Lakes, Coast
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82 Whole Landscape Approaches Perha
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84 Figure 45: Drumlin landscape nea
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88 Pipelines The general principles
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90 General Development Where there
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92 ‘…numerous sites in pasture
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94 • • Earthen monuments are co
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96 Designed Landscapes and Conserva
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98 showing the clear benefits of in
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100 Figure 55: Aerial photograph of
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102 5 QUALITY, RESOURCES AND ORGANI
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104 Estimates of costs per site or
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106 ago in England, may have meant
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108 6 TEACHING AND TRAINING 6.1 Cov
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110 6.2 Other Provisions for Traini
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112 Benson, D and Miles, D 1974. Th
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114 Doody, M G, 1995. ‘Ballyhoura
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116 Twohig and M. Ronayne (eds) Pas
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118 Raftery, J, 1951. Prehistoric I
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120 Colin Shell Cambridge Universit
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Aerial Archaeology in Ireland - The Heritage Council

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