Vietnam Primate Conservation Status Review 2002 - Hoang Lien ...

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2 3 1 1. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey; ad. male. Le Khac Quyet 2. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey; infant about one and a half year old. T. Nadler 3. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey; infant. R. Ratajszczak
5. Snub-nosed monkeys 5.0 An introduction to the snub-nosed monkeys (genus: Rhinopithecus) 5.0.1 Taxonomy 5 SNUB-NOSED MONKEYS The south-east Asian colobine genera: Pygathrix, Rhinopithecus, Nasalis and Simias form the “Odd- Nosed Group” and possess many unusual characteristics of the integument and a high intermembral index. But whether this is more than an informal group is unclear (Groves, 2001). The relationship between Rhinopithecus and Pygathrix is disputed. Indeed, the two genera share some characteristics such as the presence of small flaps of skin on the upper margins of the nostrils, the reduction of the nasal bones and a similarity in limb proportions (Groves, 1970; Oates et al., 1994). Following these observations, several authors considered Rhinopithecus as a sub-genus of Pygathrix (Groves, 1970; Brandon-Jones, 1984; P. Napier, 1985; Corbet & Hill, 1992; Davies & Oates, 1994; Rowe, 1996), but Jablonski & Peng (1993) analysed Pygathrix and Rhinopithecus and argued strongly for their recognition as a full genus which is now widely accepted (Eudey, 1996/1997; Hilton-Taylor, 2000; Groves, 2001; see also 2.3). The genus Rhinopithecus is commonly named “snub-nosed monkeys”. The genus comprises four species, three of them occur in the mountains of southern China, and one, the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) is endemic to <strong>Vietnam</strong>. 5.0.2 Morphology, ecology and behaviour Among “Odd-Nosed Monkeys”, Rhinopithecus has a distinctive nasal anatomy. The lateral crura of the greater alar cartilages is prominent, the nasal bones are abbreviated or absent and the bony nasal septum and septal cartilage are abbreviated in the rostrum. These features are associated with complex motifs of the mid-facial bony structures. In addition, the interorbital distance is relatively wider and the muzzle more shortened than most colobines, exhibiting a net concave mid-facial profile (Jablonski, 1998). The purpose of this anatomical feature is unclear but it’s possible that this could have the function of warming and the humidifying of inhaled air in a dry and cold mountain habitat. The species of Rhinopithecus, in particular the Chinese species, are also distinguished by a series of gnathic and dental charcteristics (Jablonski, 1998). The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is <strong>Vietnam</strong>’s largest primate. Compared with other Rhinopithecus taxa, R. avunculus has a different constitution and different habits (Ren et al., 1998). For instance, R. avunculus is more slender, with elongated digits, and slightly less sexual dimorphism. The diet of the Rhinopithecus species seems to consist largely of leaves, grass, lichens, bamboo shots, buds, and fruits. But there is a differentiation within the species (Bleisch et al., 1998). The diet of R. avunculus is composed mainly of fruit and leaves. The first studies of stomach contents suggested that the species was mostly folivorous, with a strong preference for bamboo. Indeed more than 60% of the stomach contents of two females contained bamboo fragments (Ratajszczak et al., 1992). However, the later surveys tend to suggest a more frugivorous diet (Pham Nhat, 1994b; Boonratana & Le Xuan Canh, 1994). This second hypothesis is supported by further studies of stomach contents and field surveys. Boonratana & Le Xuan Canh (1994), using scan sampling from 34 feeding observations, estimated that 47% of its diet constituted whole, unripe fruit, 15% seeds of ripe fruits and 38% of young leaves and 147
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Tilo Nadler - Frank Momberg - Nguye
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THE DESIGNATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENT
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iv 3.4 Delacour’s langur (Trachyp
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vi Acknowledgement Fauna & Flora In
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viii Abbreviations Key to abbreviat
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Red-shanked douc langurs; group of
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Vietnam Primate Conservation Status
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3 2 1 4 1. Indochinese Silvered lan
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3. Langurs
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3. Langurs 3.0 An introduction to t
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The basic social organisation for t
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3.1 Francois’ langur
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3.1 Francois’ langur Trachypithec
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DISTRIBUTION OF FRANCOIS' LANGUR (T
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3.1 FRANCOIS’ LANGUR - Trachypith
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Discussed records Quang Ninh Provin
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2 3 6 1 4 5 1. Hatinh langur; ad. m
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1 2 3 4 1. Cat Ba langur; ad. femal
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3.4. Delacour’s langur
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3.4 Delacour’s langur Trachypithe
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3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGUR - Trachypit
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3.4.4 Delacour’s langur records 3
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Locations where Delacour’s langur
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3.4.5 Status 3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGU
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3.4.6 Recommendations for conservat
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3.5. Grey langur
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3.5 Grey langur Trachypithecus crep
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Distribution in China 3.5 GREY LANG
Page 97 and 98: 3.5 GREY LANGUR - Trachypithecus cr
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Page 101 and 102: Vu Quang National Park (HA TINH) Sp
Page 103 and 104: Ha Tay Province 20 O 34’-21 O 17
Page 105 and 106: 3.6. Indochinese Silvered langur
Page 107 and 108: 3.6 Indochinese Silvered langur Tra
Page 109 and 110: 3.6 INDOCHINESE SILVERED LANGUR - T
Page 115 and 116: 4.0. Douc langurs
Page 117 and 118: 4. Douc langurs 4.0 An introduction
Page 119 and 120: 4 DOUC LANGURS Groups are character
Page 121 and 122: 4.1.2 Black-shanked douc langur Pyg
Page 123 and 124: 4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF RED-
Page 125 and 126: 4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF BLAC
Page 127 and 128: 4 DOUC LANGURS One infant skull (IE
Page 129 and 130: 4 DOUC LANGURS Bach Ma National Par
Page 131 and 132: 4 DOUC LANGURS My Town and Ro Villa
Page 133 and 134: 4 DOUC LANGURS very poor secondary
Page 135 and 136: A Yun Pa Nature Reserve (GIA LAI) S
Page 137 and 138: Krong No District (DAK LAK) Special
Page 139 and 140: 4 DOUC LANGURS The Ra Glai minority
Page 141 and 142: Dinh Quan District (DONG NAI) Speci
Page 143 and 144: 4 DOUC LANGURS Obviously there are
Page 145: 4 DOUC LANGURS ✱ The establishmen
Page 150 and 151: Vietnam Primate Conservation Status
Page 152 and 153: DISTRIBUTION OF TONKIN SNUB-NOSED M
Page 168 and 169: 5 2 3 1 4 6 1. Hunters with living
Page 173 and 174: 7.0. Conservation Policy
Page 175 and 176: 7. Conservation policy 7.1 Hunting
Page 177 and 178: The aims of an ex-situ programme sh
Page 179 and 180: 7 CONSERVATION POLICY Table 7.4-1 R
Page 181 and 182: 8. References 8 REFERENCES Adler, H
Page 183 and 184: 8 REFERENCES Boonratana, R., and Le
Page 185 and 186: 8 REFERENCES Dao Van Tien. 1970. Su
Page 187 and 188: 8 REFERENCES Fooden, J. 1976a. Prov
Page 189 and 190: 8 REFERENCES Hill, W. C. O. 1934. A
Page 191 and 192: 8 REFERENCES Le Khac Quyet and Trin
Page 193 and 194: 8 REFERENCES Lippold, L. K. 1995a.
Page 195 and 196: Monestrol, H. (ed.). 1952. Chasses
Page 197 and 198: 8 REFERENCES Ngo Van Tri. 1999b. Th
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8 REFERENCES Pham Nhat, Nguyen Xuan
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8 REFERENCES Simonetta, A. 1957. Ca
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8 REFERENCES Vermeulen, J. and Whit
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Appendix 1 Leaf monkey species in t
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Appendix 2 Selected areas of high v
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8 APPENDIX: 2 the surrounding area
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8 APPENDIX: 2 Forests in the southe
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Ke Go Nature Reserve (HA TINH) Spec
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8 APPENDIX: 2 was decreed with a to
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8 APPENDIX: 2 Elevation: reaching 1
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8 APPENDIX: 2 regeneration of everg
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Appendix 3 IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIES
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EXTINCT (EX) A taxon is Extinct whe
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B Extent of occurrence estimated to
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D Population estimated to number le
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The Primate Conservation Status Rev
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