Vietnam Primate Conservation Status Review 2002 - Hoang Lien ...

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Vietnam Primate Conservation Status Review Part 2: LEAF MONKEYS 214 Reserve is contiguous with Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Kon Tum). It is, therefore, part of one of the largest areas of contiguous conservation coverage in Vietnam. About 64,000 people inhabit three districts which rely heavily on forest land and resources for their livelihood. Therefore, shifting cultivation, fuelwood collection, illegal logging and wildlife trapping are major threats to biodiversity (Le Nho Nam, 2001). Mom Ray National Park (KON TUM) Special use forest: Nature reserve (56,621 ha) Forest size: NA Forest type: lowland evergreen, lower montane evergreen, lowland semi-deciduous (smaller areas) Elevation: 200m to 1,773m a.s.l. (Mount Chu Mom Ray) Leaf monkey and gibbon species: [Pygathrix sp.], [Pygathrix nigripes], [Trachypithecus germaini], [Nomascus gabriellae] Mom Ray was decreed a nature reserve in 1982 covering 10,000 ha. It was extended to 48,658 ha in 1996, and upgraded to national park in 2002. The national park is situated in an area of mediumhigh mountains, the highest of which is Mount Chu Mom Ray at 1,773m a.s.l. The national park may be one of the best remaining areas for tiger in Vietnam, with a population estimated at 10 to 15 individuals in 1997 (Duckworth & Hedges, 1998). The forest area is an important source of forest products for local communities, who experience, on average, two months of food shortage per year. Main threats for biodiversity include shifting cultivation, fuelwood, bamboo and rattan collection and hunting. Kon Plong District (KON TUM) Special use forest: None Forest size: NA Forest type: semi-deciduous, montane evergreen Elevation: reaching 2,266m a.s.l. (Ngoc Kring) Leaf monkey and gibbon species: [Pygathrix nigripes], [Pygathrix cinerea] The topography of Kon Plong is primarily hilly, and high mountains are located in the west part adjoining Dac To District. The terrain makes the forest very difficult to access and almost all the forests of the district are situated on such terrain (Trinh Viet Cuong & Ngo Van Tri, 2000). At present, human settlements and cultivation affect the forests in the center and along Lo River and the eastern part of the district adjoining Quang Ngai Province. Forest has been converted into agricultural land in many places (Trinh Viet Cuong & Ngo Van Tri, 2000). In general, mammal fauna is still abundant. Hunting tools such as guns and snares are frequently seen and openly used, but traps, bows and arrows are less common. Kon Ha Nung area (GIA LAI) Special use forest: Partly included in Kong Cha Rang (15,900 ha) and Kon Ka Kinh (41,710 ha) Nature Reserves Forest size: 15,610 ha (Kon Cha Rang); 33,565 (Kon Ka Kinh) Forest type: lowland evergreen, lower montane evergreen, Kon Ka Kinh: mixed coniferous and broadleaf
8 APPENDIX: 2 Elevation: reaching 1,452m a.s.l. (Mount Kong Cha Rang); 570m to 1,748m a.s.l. (Mount Kon Ka Kinh) Leaf monkey and gibbon species: [Trachypithecus germaini], Pygathrix nemaeus, [Pygathrix cinerea], [Pygathrix nigripes], Nomascus gabriellae In the area, two nature reserves, Kong Cha Rang and Kon Ka Kinh were established in 1986, covering 15,900 and 41,710 ha respectively (BirdLife International & FIPI, 2001). A mountainous plateau dominates the topography of the nature reserve. A number of summits attain altitudes greater than 1,000m a.s.l. in the northern part. The highest point is Mount Kon Cha Rang at 1,452 m a.s.l. The lowest point at the site is about 800m a.s.l. Until 1975, people lived within the boundaries of what is now Kon Cha Rang Nature Reserve, although, today, there are no people living inside the nature reserve. The population of the buffer zone is about 6,000. The four main threats to biodiversity at Kon Cha Rang are perceived to be forest clearance for plantations, hunting, exploitation of forest products and forest fire. Kon Ka Kinh Nature Reserve supports a range of montane habitat types across an altitudinal range from 700m to 1,748m a.s.l. To the north of the Kon Ka Kinh Nature Reserve is Mount Ngoc Linh, the highest mountain in the Central Highlands. To the south and west, the topography is flatter, and altitudes are below 500m a.s.l. There are several mountain peaks above 1,500m a.s.l. Of particular importance are 2,000 ha of mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest, and within the protected areas system of Vietnam, this vegetation sub-type is known only from this area. 20% of the nature reserve has been degraded by past commercial logging activities and continuing illegal timber extraction. A further 29% has been cleared by commercial logging or shifting cultivation and now supports a range of secondary vegetation types. Because of the low population density and large area of unused, fertile land, the buffer zone has been, and continues to be, a focus for spontaneous migration from other parts of Vietnam. Spontaneous migration is one of the most serious conservation problems at Kon Ka Kinh, because, as the population of the buffer zones increases, so does pressure on forest resources (Le Trong Trai et al. 2000). In Kon Ka Kinh, most of illegal logging is done by Kinh people from northern Vietnam travelling in the area for this purpose. Rattan collection is intensive and this non-timber forest product was reported to be becoming increasingly rare in the forest (Le Trong Trai, 2000). Kong Cha Rang and Kon Ka Kinh Nature Reserves are linked by an area of forest currently under the management of Dak Roong and Tram Lap Forest Enterprises. The boundaries of the protected areas should be revised to make them contiguous (Le Trong Trai, 2000). Yok Don National Park and proposed extension (DAK LAK) Special use forest: National park (58,000 ha) and proposed extension (57,545 ha) Forest size: 54,200 ha (Le Xuan Canh et al., 1997a) Forest type: deciduous, semi-deciduous, lowland evergreen Elevation: mostly 200m, reaching 482m a.s.l. (Mount Yok Don) Leaf monkey and gibbon species: Trachypithecus germaini, [Pygathrix nigripes] In the 1986 decree, Yok Don was listed as Tien Seo Ea Sup Nature Reserve. It was upgraded to a national park in 1991. It covers 58,200 ha and an extension of 57,345 ha. The topography of most of the site is flat, at an elevation of around 200m a.s.l. Remote sensing data indicate that the majority of the forest at Yok Don is deciduous forest, with smaller areas of semi- 215
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Tilo Nadler - Frank Momberg - Nguye
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THE DESIGNATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENT
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iv 3.4 Delacour’s langur (Trachyp
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vi Acknowledgement Fauna & Flora In
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viii Abbreviations Key to abbreviat
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Red-shanked douc langurs; group of
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Vietnam Primate Conservation Status
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3 2 1 4 1. Indochinese Silvered lan
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3. Langurs
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3. Langurs 3.0 An introduction to t
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The basic social organisation for t
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3.1 Francois’ langur
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3.1 Francois’ langur Trachypithec
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DISTRIBUTION OF FRANCOIS' LANGUR (T
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3.1 FRANCOIS’ LANGUR - Trachypith
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Discussed records Quang Ninh Provin
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2 3 6 1 4 5 1. Hatinh langur; ad. m
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1 2 3 4 1. Cat Ba langur; ad. femal
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3.4. Delacour’s langur
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3.4 Delacour’s langur Trachypithe
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3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGUR - Trachypit
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3.4.4 Delacour’s langur records 3
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Locations where Delacour’s langur
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3.4.5 Status 3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGU
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3.4.6 Recommendations for conservat
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3.5. Grey langur
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3.5 Grey langur Trachypithecus crep
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Distribution in China 3.5 GREY LANG
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3.5 GREY LANGUR - Trachypithecus cr
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3.5 GREY LANGUR - Trachypithecus cr
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Vu Quang National Park (HA TINH) Sp
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Ha Tay Province 20 O 34’-21 O 17
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3.6. Indochinese Silvered langur
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3.6 Indochinese Silvered langur Tra
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3.6 INDOCHINESE SILVERED LANGUR - T
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4.0. Douc langurs
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4. Douc langurs 4.0 An introduction
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4 DOUC LANGURS Groups are character
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4.1.2 Black-shanked douc langur Pyg
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4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF RED-
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4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF BLAC
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4 DOUC LANGURS One infant skull (IE
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4 DOUC LANGURS Bach Ma National Par
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4 DOUC LANGURS My Town and Ro Villa
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4 DOUC LANGURS very poor secondary
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A Yun Pa Nature Reserve (GIA LAI) S
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Krong No District (DAK LAK) Special
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4 DOUC LANGURS The Ra Glai minority
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Dinh Quan District (DONG NAI) Speci
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4 DOUC LANGURS Obviously there are
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4 DOUC LANGURS ✱ The establishmen
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2 3 1 1. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey;
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DISTRIBUTION OF TONKIN SNUB-NOSED M
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Page 173 and 174: 7.0. Conservation Policy
Page 175 and 176: 7. Conservation policy 7.1 Hunting
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Page 179 and 180: 7 CONSERVATION POLICY Table 7.4-1 R
Page 181 and 182: 8. References 8 REFERENCES Adler, H
Page 183 and 184: 8 REFERENCES Boonratana, R., and Le
Page 185 and 186: 8 REFERENCES Dao Van Tien. 1970. Su
Page 187 and 188: 8 REFERENCES Fooden, J. 1976a. Prov
Page 189 and 190: 8 REFERENCES Hill, W. C. O. 1934. A
Page 191 and 192: 8 REFERENCES Le Khac Quyet and Trin
Page 193 and 194: 8 REFERENCES Lippold, L. K. 1995a.
Page 195 and 196: Monestrol, H. (ed.). 1952. Chasses
Page 197 and 198: 8 REFERENCES Ngo Van Tri. 1999b. Th
Page 199 and 200: 8 REFERENCES Pham Nhat, Nguyen Xuan
Page 201 and 202: 8 REFERENCES Simonetta, A. 1957. Ca
Page 203 and 204: 8 REFERENCES Vermeulen, J. and Whit
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 1 Leaf monkey species in t
Page 207 and 208: Appendix 2 Selected areas of high v
Page 209 and 210: 8 APPENDIX: 2 the surrounding area
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Page 219 and 220: 8 APPENDIX: 2 regeneration of everg
Page 221 and 222: Appendix 3 IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIES
Page 223 and 224: EXTINCT (EX) A taxon is Extinct whe
Page 225 and 226: B Extent of occurrence estimated to
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