Vietnam Primate Conservation Status Review 2002 - Hoang Lien ...

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Vietnam Primate Conservation Status Review Part 2: LEAF MONKEYS 208 area of agricultural land, and, hence, is not included within the nature reserve. The two mountain ridges have starkly contrasting landforms based on their different substrates. The smaller, southwestern one is made up of mostly igneous and metamorphic rock, and consists of rounded forested hills and wide, shallow valleys. The larger, north-eastern ridge is composed of heavily dissected limestone karst, and is a continuation of the limestone range that runs from Cuc Phuong National Park to Son La Province. It is likely that Pu Luong has strong faunal and floral affinities with Cuc Phuong National Park. However, the higher elevation at Pu Luong and the presence of more extensive areas of montane evergreen forest means that Pu Luong can be expected to support a number of species that do not occur at Cuc Phuong. Consequently, the fauna and flora of the two sites are complementary, and the conservation of both sites is necessary to conserve the full range of biodiversity of the limestone range (BirdLife International & FIPI, 2001). Ben En National Park (THANH HOA) Special use forest: National Park (38,153 ha) Forest size: NA, heavily fragmented Forest type: lowland evergreen, limestone (patches), mixed bamboo Elevation: 20m to 497m a.s.l. Leaf monkey and gibbon species: Trachypithecus crepusculus, Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys Ben En was designated a nature reserve in 1986 and was upgraded to a national park in 1992. The core zone covered 16,634 ha. An extension incresed the area of the core zone to 38,153 ha. Unfortunately people have already moved into the extension area and cleared forest for swidden agriculture and sugar cane cultivation (BirdLife International & FIPI, 2001). Four state forest enterprises conducted commercial logging activities until 1992 (Tordoff et al., 2000). No area in Ben En remains undisturbed. As a result of the commercial logging operations the forest is characterised by small, shade-intolerant trees and a dense undergrowth dominated by bamboo. The population sizes of most large mammal species are very low, probably as a result of past hunting, and some have undoubtedly been eradicated already (Tordoff et al., 2000). More than 10,000 people inhabit the buffer zone and still use forest products such as bamboo shoots, rattan, timber and fuel wood. Pu Hoat Nature Reserve (NGHE AN) Special use forest: Nature reserve (67,934 ha) Forest size: 33,555 ha (lightly disturbed forest) Forest type: lowland evergreen, lower montane evergreen, upper montane evergreen Elevation: 100m to 2,452m a.s.l. (Mount Pu Hoat) Leaf monkey and gibbon species: [Trachypithecus crepusculus], Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys The nature reserve was established in 1997 to cover 67,934 ha, of which 56,837 ha were said to be under strict protection (BirdLife International & FIPI, 2001). The nature reserve lies along the ridge of mountains that form the border between Vietnam and Laos PDR, and adjacent to Xuan Lien Nature Reserve in Thanh Hoa Province. The majority of the site lies between 800m and 1,400m a.s.l. The highest point is Mount Pu Hoat at 2,452m a.s.l. The topography of the nature reserve is characterised by high, rugged mountain ridges, interspersed with steep-sided valleys.
8 APPENDIX: 2 Forests in the southern part of the nature reserve are highly disturbed, mainly due to agricultural encroachment by H’mong communities. In the higher elevation of the northern part, near Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, the natural habitat is better preserved (Le Trong Trai, pers. comm.). Forest loss has been indentified as one of the biggest threats to biodiversity, as habitat fragmentation leads to species loss. The second major threat is hunting, which has already led to rapid decline in large and medium sized mammals, and the local extinction of some globally threatened species (Osborn et al., 2000). Interview data indicate that elephant and tiger occurred at the nature reserve until the mid 1980s but are now extinct in the area. Despite designation no nature reserve management board has been established. No conservation activities are currently implemented. Pu Huong Nature Reserve (NGHE AN) Special use forest: Nature Reserve (49,845 ha) Forest size: less than 20,000 ha (Kemp et al., 1997) Forest type: lowland evergreen, montane evergreen, (both with small deciduous elements) Elevation: 200m to 1,560m a.s.l. (Mount Phu Lon) Leaf monkey and gibbon species: [Trachypithecus crepusculus], Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys Pu Huong Nature Reserve was decreed in 1986 to comprise 5,000 ha. In 1995 the Nhe An Provincial People's Committee approved the establishment of a nature reserve which covers 49,845 ha. The nature reserve lies at the northern extent of the Annamite mountain range, separated by the Ca river. The topography of the nature reserve is steep and mountainous, and is dominated by ridges of mountains, of 950m to 1,560m a.s.l. Lowland evergreen forest is heavily disturbed and dominated by member of diptoerocarps, while areas that were previously subjected to commercial timber extraction have now regenerated into mature forest. In the lower montane forest disturbance is restricted to more accessible areas at lower elevations. An important part of Pu Huong forest remains undisturbed. But forest clearance for agriculture is significant. Each year, as much as 200 ha are cleared inside the boundaries (Kemp & Dilger, 1996). Illegal logging is also intensive. Hunting represents a major threat to biodiversity, particularly to any populations of large mammal species that remain. Species of conservation concern, such as Saola and White-cheeked gibbon, were regularly hunted (Kemp & Dilger, 1996), and may be extirpated. Pu Mat National Park (NGHE AN) Special use forest: National park (91,113 ha) Forest size: NA Forest type: lowland evergreen, lower montane evergreen Elevation: 100m to 1,841m a.s.l. (90% of the national park is under 1,000m a.s.l.) Leaf monkey and gibbon species: Trachypithecus crepusculus, Pygathrix nemaeus, Nomascus leucogenys siki Two protected areas established in 1986 were combined to provide the legal basis for establishing Pu Mat Nature Reserve in 1995 with an area of 91,113 ha. The nature reserve was upgraded to national park status in 2001. The area is made up of steep mountains up to 1,841m a.s.l., and numerous, usually steep river valleys in between the mountains. The steep terrain in most parts of the national park has been an obstacle to extensive clearance of forest. Where the river valleys are broader, there is some cultivation, and three 209
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Tilo Nadler - Frank Momberg - Nguye
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THE DESIGNATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENT
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iv 3.4 Delacour’s langur (Trachyp
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vi Acknowledgement Fauna & Flora In
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viii Abbreviations Key to abbreviat
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Red-shanked douc langurs; group of
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Vietnam Primate Conservation Status
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3 2 1 4 1. Indochinese Silvered lan
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3. Langurs
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3. Langurs 3.0 An introduction to t
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The basic social organisation for t
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3.1 Francois’ langur
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3.1 Francois’ langur Trachypithec
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DISTRIBUTION OF FRANCOIS' LANGUR (T
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3.1 FRANCOIS’ LANGUR - Trachypith
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Discussed records Quang Ninh Provin
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2 3 6 1 4 5 1. Hatinh langur; ad. m
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1 2 3 4 1. Cat Ba langur; ad. femal
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3.4. Delacour’s langur
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3.4 Delacour’s langur Trachypithe
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3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGUR - Trachypit
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3.4.4 Delacour’s langur records 3
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Locations where Delacour’s langur
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3.4.5 Status 3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGU
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3.4.6 Recommendations for conservat
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3.5. Grey langur
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3.5 Grey langur Trachypithecus crep
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Distribution in China 3.5 GREY LANG
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3.5 GREY LANGUR - Trachypithecus cr
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3.5 GREY LANGUR - Trachypithecus cr
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Vu Quang National Park (HA TINH) Sp
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Ha Tay Province 20 O 34’-21 O 17
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3.6. Indochinese Silvered langur
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3.6 Indochinese Silvered langur Tra
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3.6 INDOCHINESE SILVERED LANGUR - T
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4.0. Douc langurs
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4. Douc langurs 4.0 An introduction
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4 DOUC LANGURS Groups are character
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4.1.2 Black-shanked douc langur Pyg
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4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF RED-
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4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF BLAC
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4 DOUC LANGURS One infant skull (IE
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4 DOUC LANGURS Bach Ma National Par
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4 DOUC LANGURS My Town and Ro Villa
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4 DOUC LANGURS very poor secondary
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A Yun Pa Nature Reserve (GIA LAI) S
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Krong No District (DAK LAK) Special
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4 DOUC LANGURS The Ra Glai minority
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Dinh Quan District (DONG NAI) Speci
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4 DOUC LANGURS Obviously there are
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4 DOUC LANGURS ✱ The establishmen
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2 3 1 1. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey;
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DISTRIBUTION OF TONKIN SNUB-NOSED M
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Page 160 and 161: Vietnam Primate Conservation Status
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Page 181 and 182: 8. References 8 REFERENCES Adler, H
Page 183 and 184: 8 REFERENCES Boonratana, R., and Le
Page 185 and 186: 8 REFERENCES Dao Van Tien. 1970. Su
Page 187 and 188: 8 REFERENCES Fooden, J. 1976a. Prov
Page 189 and 190: 8 REFERENCES Hill, W. C. O. 1934. A
Page 191 and 192: 8 REFERENCES Le Khac Quyet and Trin
Page 193 and 194: 8 REFERENCES Lippold, L. K. 1995a.
Page 195 and 196: Monestrol, H. (ed.). 1952. Chasses
Page 197 and 198: 8 REFERENCES Ngo Van Tri. 1999b. Th
Page 199 and 200: 8 REFERENCES Pham Nhat, Nguyen Xuan
Page 201 and 202: 8 REFERENCES Simonetta, A. 1957. Ca
Page 203 and 204: 8 REFERENCES Vermeulen, J. and Whit
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 1 Leaf monkey species in t
Page 207 and 208: Appendix 2 Selected areas of high v
Page 209: 8 APPENDIX: 2 the surrounding area
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Page 217 and 218: 8 APPENDIX: 2 Elevation: reaching 1
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Page 221 and 222: Appendix 3 IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIES
Page 223 and 224: EXTINCT (EX) A taxon is Extinct whe
Page 225 and 226: B Extent of occurrence estimated to
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