Vietnam Primate Conservation Status Review 2002 - Hoang Lien ...

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Vietnam Primate Conservation Status Review Part 2: LEAF MONKEYS 154 Based on interviews with local hunters they estimated that 90 to 110 animals live in the Ban Bung sector. The occurrence was confirmed by a brief sighting of one group of 12 individuals. This was the first sighting of the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey in the wild. In addition, the team saw two freshly killed female adults (one female skull is conserved in FCXM, No 007; museum unknown for the second skull). One of the females had been nursing a female infant, which was caught alive, but later died in Hanoi Zoo, killed by a bandicoot rat. The stomach contents of the three animals were examined (Ratajszczak et al., 1992; Pham Nhat, 1994b). Another sighting was obtained in December 1992, by Le Xuan Canh et al. (1993). The team briefly observed 20 to 30 animals in Tat Ke sector. In addition, vocalisations were heard in January 1993. Several sightings were reported during a survey conducted between September 1993 and February 1994 (Boonratana & Le Xuan Canh, 1994). In Tat Ke sector, the presence of three harems and two all-male groups was confirmed. 80 individuals were estimated, of which at least 72 were observed (number given during a single count). In Ban Bung sector, two harems were observed. The authors estimated 50 individuals, 23 of which were observed. This estimation was made from two observations in two different places on the same day. SEE conducted two successive surveys, one in Ban Bung sector from January to March 1996 (Hill et al., 1996a), followed by another one in Tat Ke sector from July to September 1996 (Hill & Hallam, 1997). The team failed to observe any animals in Tat Ke sector. The report noted that, food supplies being abundant in the wet season, the groups may fragment to breed, which explains this failure. The team only observed snub-nosed monkeys twice in Ban Bung sector including a single sighting of a group of four individuals. Snub-nosed monkeys were heard in March 1998 by Tan Kit Sun (Singapore Zoo) and B. Martin (ZSCSP) in Tat Ke sector (B. Martin, pers. comm., 2000). In July 1998, FFI, with financial support from IUCN Netherlands, started a programme to strengthen the management and protection of the reserve (Boonratana, 1999). In Tat Ke sector, three sightings and two vocalization recordings of snub-nosed monkeys were made. At least one harem with 13 individuals was observed with one adult male and at least three adult females. One sighting of 35 animals was reported in the Ban Bung area in September 1998 by Mr Luong (IEBR) and Mr Hai (patrolling group). Interviews reported sightings in August 1998 of one group with 20 to 40 animals on a trail between Chiem Hoa District and Bac Kan Province and of one other group with 40 to 50 animals on a trail between Ban Bung and Ban Vi Village (Bac Kan Province). The last sightings of snub-nosed monkeys in the boundaries of Na Hang Nature Reserve were reported by the patrolling group (tuan rung) of the Tonkin Snub-nosed Conservation Project (Martin, 2000) in Tat Ke sector; 16 individuals (10 adults, 6 youngs) were observed in August 1998 by Mr. Thong (ranger) in the Thom Bac area. From October 1999 to April 2000, Mr. Tinh (ranger) observed the snub-nosed on five occasions. In the Khau Tep area, he saw one group of over 30 animals (with one juvenile) in September and October 1999. A short film sequence was made during the first sighting. In the Thom Bac area, he observed one group of over 10 animals in October 1999, over 15 in November 1999 and over 18 in April 2000, most probably the same group. In October-November 1999 FFI carried out a survey to assess the status of primates in Tuyen Quang and Bac Kan Provinces (Dang Ngoc Can & Nguyen Truong Son, 1999). Three H’mong hunters reported one group with 40 to 45 individuals on the border between Xuan Lac (Cho Don District, Bac Kan Province) and Vinh Yen Communes (Na Hang Nature Reserve) (22 O 18’30”N / 105 O 28’00’E). One animal, weighing 12kg was reported to have been shot in this area in 1995. Snub-nosed monkeys were occasionally seen in 1997 and 1998. Sightings in 1995 of a group of 18 to 20 individuals were also reported on the boundary between Xuan Lac and Thanh Tuong Communes (Na Hang Nature Reserve). Three interviews reported that an animal was killed in this area in 1992. In the north of Ban Thi
5 SNUB-NOSED MONKEYS Commune (Cho Don District, Bac Kan Province), close to the border with Thanh Tuong Commune (Na Hang Nature Reserve), the last sighting was reported in 1994-1995 by two H’mong hunters. A survey carried out by FFI/ PARC in January 2003 obtained further confirmtion from hunters that Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys have not been seen in the forest between Ban Thi and Xuan Lac communes (Cho Don district) since 5 years. A hunter from Da Na village (Xuan Lac) shot 2 individuals in 1987 from a group of 20. Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys might still occasionally range into the Ban Thi-Xuan Lac area as the forest is contiguous with Na Hang Nature Reserve. One local hunter reported from second hand information that in 2002/3 Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys occasionally came across from Na Hang Nature Reserve (Le Khac Quyet & Trinh Dinh Hoang, 2003a). As habitat extension this forest is important and considering its habitat integrity and biological diversity the area should be designated as species and habitat conservation area (Le Trong Trai et al., 2001; Momberg & Fredrickson, 2003). According to the different sightings reported in the reserve, snub-nosed monkeys are now very rare. In Tat Ke, it is not clear if there are two distinct groups (one over 30 and one over 10 animals) or if one frequently splits up. In Ban Bung sector, only one group of 35 individuals is confirmed. From the experience of Mr. Tinh (ranger) it seems like the home range of the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey group in the Tat Ke sector does not exceed 9 km 2 (Martin, 2000). It seems that one group of a relatively large size may occur on the boundary of Ban Bung sector and Xuan Lac Commune (Bac Kan Province). The latter locality is outside the boundary of Na Hang. With regard to the extremely low density of animals in Na Hang, which contains the largest confirmed population in Vietnam, it is a priority to extend the boundaries to the east. It is not possible to estimate the current number of Tonkin snub-nosed monkey in Na Hang. However, it is unlikely that the population exceeds 100 individuals in the whole reserve (R. Boonratana, pers. comm., 2000). Ba Be National Park and proposed extension (BAC KAN) Special use forest: Partly included in Ba Be National Park Tonkin snub-nosed monkey status: Provisional occurrence, last report in 1997 (interview) (Nong The Dien, pers. comm., 2000) According to a Ratajszczak et al. (1990) survey in 1989, no informants could confirm the occurrence of snub-nosed monkeys in Ba Be National Park. However, a first SEE survey in the park from July to September 1994 (Kemp et al., 1994) reported from interviews of local hunters and park staff that the species still inhabited Ba Be forest. The report of the second survey conducted in October-December 1996 concluded that it was unlikely that any animals survive there (Hill et al., 1997). According to local hunters, animals were seen on Dau Dang Mountain (close to Nang River) in 1997, though it was the last record in this area (Nong The Dien, pers. comm., 2000). It is thought possible that some groups still occur in the proposed extension to Ba Be National Park. Indeed, local hunters report that three groups live on Phia Booc mountain, Dong Phuc Commune, in the extreme southwestern part of the proposed extension. One skull was collected in this area (Nong The Dien, pers. comm., 2000). Tat Pet area, Cho Don District (BAC KAN) Special use forest: None Tonkin snub-nosed monkey status: Provisional occurrence, last report in 1999 (interview, specimen) (Dang Ngoc Can & Nguyen Truong Son, 1999) 155
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Tilo Nadler - Frank Momberg - Nguye
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THE DESIGNATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENT
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iv 3.4 Delacour’s langur (Trachyp
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vi Acknowledgement Fauna & Flora In
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viii Abbreviations Key to abbreviat
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Red-shanked douc langurs; group of
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Vietnam Primate Conservation Status
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3 2 1 4 1. Indochinese Silvered lan
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3. Langurs
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3. Langurs 3.0 An introduction to t
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The basic social organisation for t
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3.1 Francois’ langur
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3.1 Francois’ langur Trachypithec
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DISTRIBUTION OF FRANCOIS' LANGUR (T
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3.1 FRANCOIS’ LANGUR - Trachypith
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Discussed records Quang Ninh Provin
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2 3 6 1 4 5 1. Hatinh langur; ad. m
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1 2 3 4 1. Cat Ba langur; ad. femal
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3.4. Delacour’s langur
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3.4 Delacour’s langur Trachypithe
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3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGUR - Trachypit
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3.4.4 Delacour’s langur records 3
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Locations where Delacour’s langur
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3.4.5 Status 3.4 DELACOUR’S LANGU
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3.4.6 Recommendations for conservat
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3.5. Grey langur
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3.5 Grey langur Trachypithecus crep
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Distribution in China 3.5 GREY LANG
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3.5 GREY LANGUR - Trachypithecus cr
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3.5 GREY LANGUR - Trachypithecus cr
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Vu Quang National Park (HA TINH) Sp
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Ha Tay Province 20 O 34’-21 O 17
Page 105 and 106: 3.6. Indochinese Silvered langur
Page 107 and 108: 3.6 Indochinese Silvered langur Tra
Page 109 and 110: 3.6 INDOCHINESE SILVERED LANGUR - T
Page 115 and 116: 4.0. Douc langurs
Page 117 and 118: 4. Douc langurs 4.0 An introduction
Page 119 and 120: 4 DOUC LANGURS Groups are character
Page 121 and 122: 4.1.2 Black-shanked douc langur Pyg
Page 123 and 124: 4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF RED-
Page 125 and 126: 4 DOUC LANGURS DISTRIBUTION OF BLAC
Page 127 and 128: 4 DOUC LANGURS One infant skull (IE
Page 129 and 130: 4 DOUC LANGURS Bach Ma National Par
Page 131 and 132: 4 DOUC LANGURS My Town and Ro Villa
Page 133 and 134: 4 DOUC LANGURS very poor secondary
Page 135 and 136: A Yun Pa Nature Reserve (GIA LAI) S
Page 137 and 138: Krong No District (DAK LAK) Special
Page 139 and 140: 4 DOUC LANGURS The Ra Glai minority
Page 141 and 142: Dinh Quan District (DONG NAI) Speci
Page 143 and 144: 4 DOUC LANGURS Obviously there are
Page 145: 4 DOUC LANGURS ✱ The establishmen
Page 148 and 149: 2 3 1 1. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey;
Page 150 and 151: Vietnam Primate Conservation Status
Page 152 and 153: DISTRIBUTION OF TONKIN SNUB-NOSED M
Page 168 and 169: 5 2 3 1 4 6 1. Hunters with living
Page 173 and 174: 7.0. Conservation Policy
Page 175 and 176: 7. Conservation policy 7.1 Hunting
Page 177 and 178: The aims of an ex-situ programme sh
Page 179 and 180: 7 CONSERVATION POLICY Table 7.4-1 R
Page 181 and 182: 8. References 8 REFERENCES Adler, H
Page 183 and 184: 8 REFERENCES Boonratana, R., and Le
Page 185 and 186: 8 REFERENCES Dao Van Tien. 1970. Su
Page 187 and 188: 8 REFERENCES Fooden, J. 1976a. Prov
Page 189 and 190: 8 REFERENCES Hill, W. C. O. 1934. A
Page 191 and 192: 8 REFERENCES Le Khac Quyet and Trin
Page 193 and 194: 8 REFERENCES Lippold, L. K. 1995a.
Page 195 and 196: Monestrol, H. (ed.). 1952. Chasses
Page 197 and 198: 8 REFERENCES Ngo Van Tri. 1999b. Th
Page 199 and 200: 8 REFERENCES Pham Nhat, Nguyen Xuan
Page 201 and 202: 8 REFERENCES Simonetta, A. 1957. Ca
Page 203 and 204: 8 REFERENCES Vermeulen, J. and Whit
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 1 Leaf monkey species in t
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Appendix 2 Selected areas of high v
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8 APPENDIX: 2 the surrounding area
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8 APPENDIX: 2 Forests in the southe
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Ke Go Nature Reserve (HA TINH) Spec
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8 APPENDIX: 2 was decreed with a to
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8 APPENDIX: 2 Elevation: reaching 1
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8 APPENDIX: 2 regeneration of everg
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Appendix 3 IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIES
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EXTINCT (EX) A taxon is Extinct whe
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B Extent of occurrence estimated to
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D Population estimated to number le
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The Primate Conservation Status Rev
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