volume 2 - Robert Bedrosian's Armenian History Workshop

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30 Al-Mawsil, or Mosul. 1 Nineveh, the " exceeding great city of three days' journey " (Jonah iii, 3), was built on the left bank of the Tigris, just as Babylon was built on the left bank of the Euphrates, and as the city of Babylon grew and spread across to the right bank of the Euphrates, so, when Nineveh became great, it spread across to the right bank of the Tigris. Western Babylon developed in the course of centuries into Hillah, and Western Nineveh developed in the course of centuries into Al-Mawsil. It may be assumed that Western Nineveh suffered as severely as Nineveh itself when the Medes seized the capital and destroyed it. But its site was in all times most suitable for a market and trading centre, and on it or near it a town has always stood. Of the history of Western Nineveh in the earliest ages nothing seems to be known, but in Sassanian times the town which occupied part or all of its site was called " Budh Ardashir," and its masters were, of course, Sassanians. The name always given to the town by Muslim writers is " Al-Mawsil, "^ or "the junction," i.e., the town at the place where several streams of the Tigris join, and it seems to have been known by this name for about twelve hundred years.* After the conquest of Mesopotamia by the Arabs the town soon became a thriving trading centre, and in the middle of the eighth century it was the capital of the Province of Jazirah, and the principal town of the district of Dlar Rabi'ah.* Muslim writers of the tenth century describe ^ This is the common native pronunciation, and I use it throughout. J^^l. See Ibn Hawkal, ed. de Goeje, p. 143 fE. ; Mukaddasi, ed. de Goeje, pp. 138, 139, 146 ; Abu'l Fidi, p. ; 54 Yakut, vol. iv, 684. ' Muâddast (ed. de Goeje, p. 138, last line) says that Mosul was called " Khawlin " yV- * Le Strange, Lands, p. 87.
^^g^!l^t'Q:3'^-^^.'^ . View of Mosul from the Avest bank of the Tigris. The new bridge over the Tigris at Motul. To face p, 30, vol. ii.
Page 1 and 2: f1? m$ mm -=:Ji '^ 4 ^yl ~s^
Page 3 and 4: 3 1924 088 412 592
Page 5: BY NILE AND TIGRIS VOLUME II.
Page 9: BY NILE AND TIGRIS A NARRATIVE OF J
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME II.
Page 14 and 15: viii List of Illustrations in Volum
Page 16 and 17: 2 Size of Nineveh Exaggerated. Egyp
Page 18 and 19: 4 The Plain of Nineveh. a comparati
Page 20 and 21: 6 Sennacherib Rebuilds Nineveh. Tig
Page 23 and 24: The Medes Capture Nineveh. y son, E
Page 25 and 26: The Site of Nineveh Never Forgotten
Page 27 and 28: and the Palaces under the Mosque of
Page 29 and 30: Survey of Nineveh by Felix Jones. 1
Page 31 and 32: His Excavations at Khorsabad. 15 br
Page 33 and 34: British Museum Excavations at NimrH
Page 35 and 36: George Smith's Excavations at Kuyil
Page 37 and 38: Death of George Smith. 21 Governmen
Page 39 and 40: Discoveries at Nineveh by Natives.
Page 41 and 42: Annual Sacrifice at Jonah's Spring.
Page 43 and 44: Ryllo, the Jesuit Father, at Nineve
Page 45: Rassam's Attempt to Excavate Nabi Y
Page 50 and 51: 32 Ihn Bat4tah's Description of MSs
Page 52 and 53: 34 Tavernier's Description of MSsul
Page 54 and 55: 36 Jonah not Buried at Nineveh. and
Page 57 and 58: Secret Excavations at Nabi YUnis. 3
Page 59 and 60: 1. BSi> el Amadi 2. Bab Sindsjar 8.
Page 61: Scene in the baz^r at Mosul. Scene
Page 64 and 65: 42 The Gates of MSsul. needed to en
Page 66 and 67: 44 The Bazar at MSsul. is very soft
Page 68 and 69: 46 Bridge of Boats at Mdsul. upstre
Page 70 and 71: 48 The Town Council of Mdsul. frequ
Page 73 and 74: Murder of a Soldier by an Officer.
Page 75 and 76: Native Views about White's Visit to
Page 77 and 78: Visit to the WdU Pdshd of MSsul. 53
Page 79 and 80: The Pdshd of MSsul Helpless. 55 bri
Page 81 and 82: His Punitive Expedition Sets Out. 5
Page 83 and 84: The Turkish Soldiers Fed by the Sha
Page 85 and 86: Native Views about Chimneys. 6i wer
Page 87 and 88: 'Askar the Kurd and the Dog Saba}.
Page 89 and 90: Excavations at Kuy^njik. 65 court o
Page 91 and 92: and its Early Excavators. 67 he wis
Page 94 and 95: To face p. 69, vol.
Page 96 and 97:
yo Mr. Ainslie the American Mission
Page 98 and 99:
72 Mdr Eliyd MUds, Bishop of Malaba
Page 100 and 101:
74 The Dominican Fathers at MSsul.
Page 102 and 103:
^6 Visit to Khorsabad. the site of
Page 104 and 105:
78 Visit to Tall Baldwdt. and when
Page 106 and 107:
8o MSsul Flooded. elsewhere. From e
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82 A Holy Man of MSsul. dusty or mu
Page 110 and 111:
84 The Sdm Wind. and was physically
Page 112 and 113:
86 M6suL TO Baghdad by Raft. Mercha
Page 114 and 115:
88 Hammam 'Alt. gifts of food, eggs
Page 116 and 117:
90 NimrM Dam. Be this as it may, th
Page 118:
92 The Ziggurat of Nimritd. the str
Page 121 and 122:
':7'^'^»i^,?''^^^'"''^'""^^ m$^':f
Page 124 and 125:
To face p. 97, vol. ; Khidr Elias.
Page 126 and 127:
gS The Munayyarah Rapid. they assur
Page 128 and 129:
100 City of Tukulti-Ninib I. and th
Page 130 and 131:
102 The City of Ashur. to prevent t
Page 132 and 133:
104 Excavations at Kal'at Sharkdt.
Page 134 and 135:
io6 Water Wheels on the Tigris. the
Page 136 and 137:
io8 An Ill-Conditioned Sayyid. We a
Page 138 and 139:
no The Nahrawdn Canal. passed sever
Page 140 and 141:
112 The Tombs of the Imdms at Sdmar
Page 142 and 143:
114 The Malwtyah. " Malwiyah,"^ hj^
Page 145 and 146:
Istabuldt. 115 We returned to our r
Page 147 and 148:
The Median Wall of Xenophon. 117 Th
Page 149 and 150:
A Monster Fish. iig the Arabs from
Page 151 and 152:
121 Baghdad to London. Almost befor
Page 153 and 154:
Antica Dealers in Baghddd. 123 boug
Page 155:
To face p. 124, vol. ii. Clay model
Page 158 and 159:
126 Colonel Talbot's Influence. In
Page 160 and 161:
128 Tombs of the " Three Children."
Page 162 and 163:
130 Fish-Traps on the Tigris. casti
Page 164 and 165:
132 / Abandon the Altar. antiquitie
Page 166 and 167:
134 Thunder-Storm in the Persian Gu
Page 168 and 169:
136 Mr. N. White goes to America. s
Page 171 and 172:
Results of the Third Mission. 137 s
Page 173:
f^. iirp>TT
Page 177:
FOURTH MISSION, 1890-91. LONDON TO
Page 180 and 181:
144 Application for a Permit for th
Page 182 and 183:
146 Excavations at Wan. we then had
Page 184 and 185:
i4§ A Fragment of the Aristotle Pa
Page 187 and 188:
The Papyri from HermopoUs. 149 we b
Page 189 and 190:
Roman Tomb at Alexandria. 151 Works
Page 191 and 192:
His Collection of Greek Coins. 153
Page 193 and 194:
The Nile in Flood. 155 waters. In m
Page 195 and 196:
Festival of the Prophet's Birthday.
Page 197 and 198:
Dr. Schroder. 159 in Mismdrt, i.e.,
Page 199 and 200:
Asht^rd and Ba'albak. l6i eleven o'
Page 201 and 202:
The Monoliths of Ba'albak. 163 The
Page 203 and 204:
The Abana and Pharpar. 165 over an
Page 205 and 206:
Mr. John Dickson. 167 would take no
Page 207 and 208:
The Damascus-Baghdad Camel-Post. i6
Page 209 and 210:
The Importance of Damascus. 171 cre
Page 211 and 212:
The Great Mosque of Damascus. 173 b
Page 213 and 214:
The Beauty-Spot on the Cheek of the
Page 215 and 216:
Al-Kutayyifah. 177 very glad to see
Page 217 and 218:
The Oasis of Karyatin. 179 Homs, an
Page 219 and 220:
Quarantine Regulations. i8i places
Page 221 and 222:
Kasr (d-Hev. i83 but all the ruins
Page 223 and 224:
Osmdn Bey Bestower of Decorations.
Page 225 and 226:
The Oasis of Tudmur (Palmyra). 187
Page 227 and 228:
Marwdn II Excavates a Tomb at Palmy
Page 229 and 230:
Arak (Aracha). igi In spite of the
Page 231 and 232:
Sulphur Springs of ûkhnah. 193 con
Page 233 and 234:
Camel Fair at Sukhnah. 195 tent bet
Page 235 and 236:
Sand Storm in the Desert. 197 well
Page 237 and 238:
Dir az-Zilr. 199 mighty dam on the
Page 239 and 240:
The Ferry at Dir az-Z4r. 201 soldie
Page 241 and 242:
Markadah on the KhdbHr. 203 furlong
Page 243 and 244:
The Ruins at 'Ardbdn. 205 'Ariban.
Page 245 and 246:
Tall Td'hdn. 207 impassable. We had
Page 247 and 248:
Lady Ellenborough. 209 said that he
Page 249 and 250:
The Great Swamp of Khdt^ntyah. 211
Page 251 and 252:
A Thieves' Settlement. 213 might ha
Page 253 and 254:
SuUmdn ibn Khidr, the Shikh Thief.
Page 255 and 256:
Turkish Atrocities in the Sinjdr Hi
Page 257 and 258:
Turkish Atrocities in the Sinjdr Hi
Page 259 and 260:
Ay^b Beg and the Yaztdis. 221 met u
Page 261 and 262:
The Springs at Al-Hardrdt. 223 gave
Page 263 and 264:
Mdsul. 225 we pjissed the village o
Page 265 and 266:
227 Appendix. Note on the YazIdIs.
Page 267 and 268:
Turkish Persecution of the Yaztdis.
Page 269 and 270:
231 M6SUL AND The Monastery of Rabb
Page 271 and 272:
Turkish Obstruction. 233 soldiers t
Page 273 and 274:
The Christians of Malabar. 235 that
Page 275:
• * To face p. 236, vol. ii. The
Page 278 and 279:
238 Acqusition of Valuable Syriac M
Page 281 and 282:
The Cream of Wisdom. 239 bought thi
Page 283 and 284:
The Synagogue of Nahum the Prophet.
Page 285 and 286:
The Tomb of Rabban HSrmizd. 243 or
Page 287 and 288:
Sketch of the Life of Rabban Hdrmiz
Page 289 and 290:
The Nestorians at Tall Kef. 247 Mos
Page 291 and 292:
Syriac Manuscripts at Tall Kif. 249
Page 293:
•^2—**aoo 2*03, âov3 To face p
Page 296 and 297:
252 The American Mission at Mosul.
Page 298 and 299:
254 Takrtt. said that she had been
Page 300 and 301:
256 A Visitor to the Raft. boldly,
Page 302 and 303:
258 The Turkish Authorities Exploit
Page 304 and 305:
26o Excavations at D^r. As soon as
Page 306 and 307:
262 Our Faramdn or Permit to Excava
Page 308 and 309:
264 We Set Out for Dir. he was depu
Page 310 and 311:
266 Difficulties of Water Supply. h
Page 312 and 313:
268 Tablets Preserved in Jars. and
Page 315 and 316:
Journey to Kifl. 269 One morning a
Page 317 and 318:
The Hindtyah Barrage. 271 camp fire
Page 320 and 321:
To face p. 273, vol. ii. list of th
Page 322 and 323:
274 Babylonian Letters and Contract
Page 324 and 325:
276 Al-Kufah to Musayyib. saying th
Page 326:
278 Visits from Neighbouring Arabs.
Page 329 and 330:
Colonel Tweedie Visits Dir, 279 or
Page 331 and 332:
Excavations at D^r Closed. 281 the
Page 333 and 334:
Tablets in a Coffin. 283 chanting,
Page 335 and 336:
The Confiscated Manuscripts. 285 of
Page 337 and 338:
Parthian Coins. 287 them to London
Page 339 and 340:
Gift of a Parthian Sarcophagus. 289
Page 342 and 343:
To face p. 291, vol. ii. Painted po
Page 344 and 345:
292 APPENDIX I. On February 28th Ca
Page 346 and 347:
294 Commemorative Tablet at Basrah.
Page 348 and 349:
296 Arabic MSS. from Mosul. 26. Com
Page 350 and 351:
298 Arabic MSS. from MSsul. loi. A
Page 352 and 353:
300 An Action for Slander. Rassam v
Page 354 and 355:
302 An Action for Slander. action,
Page 356 and 357:
304 An Action for Slander. his empl
Page 358 and 359:
3o6 An Action for Slander. Mr. Geor
Page 360 and 361:
3o8 An Action for Slander. of a car
Page 362 and 363:
310 An Action for Slander. quelques
Page 364 and 365:
312 An Action for Slander. "9. As f
Page 366 and 367:
314 -^n Action for Slander. " 18. Y
Page 368 and 369:
3^6 An Action for Slander. " Para.
Page 370 and 371:
3i8 An Action for Slander. The edit
Page 373 and 374:
321 Missions to Egypt, the SudAn, a
Page 375 and 376:
in Mesopotamia and Egypt. 323 easy
Page 377 and 378:
Forged Royal and Funerary Scarabs.
Page 379:
'- mum ^ r h f :? { U i^ 2 To face
Page 382 and 383:
328 The Native Dealers. were finall
Page 384 and 385:
330 The Smuggling of Antiquities. m
Page 386 and 387:
332 Destruction of Mummies by the N
Page 388:
334 Predynastic Egyptian Antiquitie
Page 391 and 392:
Monuments of Kashta and Harua. 335
Page 394 and 395:
To face p. 337, vol. it. % \-^ I "^
Page 396 and 397:
338 The Mastabah of Ptak-shepses. f
Page 399 and 400:
The " Finds " at TUnah al-Jahal. 33
Page 401:
To face p. 340, vol. n-
Page 405 and 406:
Discovery of Papyrus Books. 341 and
Page 407:
To face p. 342, vol. ii. {see note
Page 411 and 412:
Greek Papyri. 343 " der vorliegende
Page 413:
To face p. 344, vol. ti. Limestone
Page 416 and 417:
346 I take Possession of the Papyru
Page 418 and 419:
348 The Papyrus from Meir Secured.
Page 421 and 422:
Discovery oj Romano-Egyptian Mummie
Page 423:
To face p. 350, vol. ii. ^ ^ oa;
Page 426 and 427:
352 A Journey to Suez. for the purp
Page 428 and 429:
354 -4 Friend in Need. officials an
Page 430 and 431:
35^ My Missions to the Egyptian SMd
Page 433 and 434:
The British Museum Collection of Sc
Page 435:
ViiS' mssa!ie-'^l&.'.- -••W'T:
Page 438 and 439:
360 'A Pre-dynastic Mummy Secured.
Page 441 and 442:
Maspero's Re-appointment. 361 grave
Page 443:
To face p. 362, vol. it. Red granit
Page 447 and 448:
Statue of Sekhem-suatch-taui-Ra. 36
Page 450 and 451:
To face p. 365, vol. ii. 7 ^5365] U
Page 452 and 453:
366 The Tomb of Amen-hetep II. wish
Page 455 and 456:
Disappearance of the Boat of Amen-h
Page 457:
To face p. 368, vol. it. Statue of
Page 461 and 462:
Coptic Antiquities. 369 disappointi
Page 463:
To face p. 370, vol. Gravestone of
Page 466 and 467:
372 Search for Coptic Papyri. the A
Page 469 and 470:
Papyrus Codex of Books of the Bible
Page 471:
^H p t«w >< n »J A?7 -I Ki wooytj
Page 474 and 475:
37^ Palm Sunday in the Great Oasis.
Page 476 and 477:
378 The Egyptian Temples in the Gre
Page 478 and 479:
380 Additions to the British Museum
Page 481 and 482:
Fate of the Egyptian Dead. 381 them
Page 483 and 484:
The Wrecking of Tombs and Mummies.
Page 485 and 486:
Bitumen as Medicine. 385 in medicin
Page 487 and 488:
Ambrose Pard on Mummy. 387 loathsom
Page 489 and 490:
The Object of Mummification. 389 br
Page 491 and 492:
Egyptian Souls and Their Mummies. 3
Page 493 and 494:
The Royal Mummies in Cairo. 393 and
Page 495 and 496:
Security of Mummies in the British
Page 497:
The Nameless Dead Eternally Dead. 3
Page 502 and 503:
400 Index. Abu'l-Hasan Ahmad, II, 2
Page 504 and 505:
402 Index. Al-Kubbah, II, 193. Al-K
Page 506 and 507:
404 Index. Arnon, I, 33. Ardgah, I,
Page 508 and 509:
4o6 Index. founded, I, 187 ; area o
Page 510 and 511:
4o8 Index. Behistun, Inscription of
Page 512 and 513:
410 Index. brick oven, I, 250. bric
Page 514 and 515:
412 Index. 174- Caviglia, I, 25. ce
Page 516 and 517:
414 Cooper, Mr. W. R., I, 7, 11. co
Page 518 and 519:
4i6 Index. Der al-M6sul, I, 451. De
Page 520 and 521:
4i8 Index. Erzerum, II, 41. E-Sagil
Page 522 and 523:
420 Index. Gamett, Dr., I, 68. Gaxr
Page 524 and 525:
422 Index. Hanging Garden {icpefxai
Page 526 and 527:
424 Ibn Betar, II, 385. Ibn Duraid,
Page 528 and 529:
426 Index. Jask, I, 157, 158. Jastr
Page 530 and 531:
428 Index. Kasr Shirin, I, 242. Kas
Page 532 and 533:
430 King and Thompson, II, 15-23, 5
Page 534 and 535:
432 Index Mahmudiyah I, 314 ; II, 2
Page 536 and 537:
434 Mesha, King of Moab, I, 33. Mes
Page 538 and 539:
436 Muhawwal, I, 313, 314. Muhtadi,
Page 540 and 541:
438 Neubauer, Ad., I, 266. Neufeld,
Page 542 and 543:
440 palm branches at Khargah, II, 3
Page 544 and 545:
442 Index. prayer houses, II, 45. P
Page 546 and 547:
444 Romanus IV, Diogenes, I, 389. R
Page 548 and 549:
446 Screen, figures from Coptic, I,
Page 550 and 551:
448 skulls. Prof. Macalister's, 1,
Page 552 and 553:
450 Index. Tabnith, sarcophagus of,
Page 554 and 555:
452 Index. Thisbe's Well, II, 25. T
Page 556 and 557:
454 Index. 'Umar ibn al-F^rid, II,
Page 558:
456 Index. Wright, W. Aldis, I, 59.
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