Hinduism: What Really Happenned in India (PDF) - Oration

Hinduism: What Really Happened in India – M. M. Ninan
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also evidence to see whether logic fits reality. This is carvaka - the
gospel. That alone will bring liberation from bondage - not only of the
body, mind and society but also of the spirit in the ages to come.
Other Philosophical Systems
DvaitAdvait
Nimbarka late 13 th centuary - (Nimbarka was born of Aruna Muni and
Jayanti Devi on the banks of Godavari river) Nimbarka of the twelfth
century propagated what is called dvaitAdaita school of thinking; dvaita
is duality and advaita is non-duality. According to Nimbarka, the souls
and the universe are different from the Absolute, which rules them. Yet
just as the spider’s web, though different from the spider which has
woven it is still one with the spider because it is nothing but the saliva of
the spider it is the Lord that has become the souls and the universe. Thus,
difference and non-difference are emphasized equally. Here existence is
separate, though not independent. Non-difference is the impossibility of
separate existence. Like the ocean and the waves, like the Sun and its
Light, there is difference and at the same time non-difference. One
should take the Absolute Brahman as the Soul of all souls and of the
Universe, comprehend this difference-in-non-difference and surrender
oneself to the Lord in toto. The attitude of Radha to Krishna is what is
recommended by this school. SrImad BhAgavatam is the most respected
scripture of Dvaitadvait.
Shudda Advaita - - the Pure Advaita
Vallabha (1478-1530 AD) Shudda Advaita- the Pure Advaita School.
According to this, the glorious Krishna in His sat-chid-Ananda form is
the Absolute Brahman. He is permanently playing out His sport (leela)
from His seat in the goloka which is even beyond the divine vaikunTHa,
the abode of Vishnu. Creation is His sport. To obtain the Bliss given out
by Krishna the only path is bhakti. But in this age of kali, the scripturesanctioned
bhakti is impossible to practise. So what is recommended is
puSTi bhakti –which we can all get from the natural Grace of God just
like that, for no reason whatsoever. It is that bhakti, which gives itself up