Hinduism: What Really Happenned in India (PDF) - Oration

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Hinduism: What Really Happened in India – M. M. Ninan 227 also evidence to see whether logic fits reality. This is carvaka - the gospel. That alone will bring liberation from bondage - not only of the body, mind and society but also of the spirit in the ages to come. Other Philosophical Systems DvaitAdvait Nimbarka late 13 th centuary - (Nimbarka was born of Aruna Muni and Jayanti Devi on the banks of Godavari river) Nimbarka of the twelfth century propagated what is called dvaitAdaita school of thinking; dvaita is duality and advaita is non-duality. According to Nimbarka, the souls and the universe are different from the Absolute, which rules them. Yet just as the spider’s web, though different from the spider which has woven it is still one with the spider because it is nothing but the saliva of the spider it is the Lord that has become the souls and the universe. Thus, difference and non-difference are emphasized equally. Here existence is separate, though not independent. Non-difference is the impossibility of separate existence. Like the ocean and the waves, like the Sun and its Light, there is difference and at the same time non-difference. One should take the Absolute Brahman as the Soul of all souls and of the Universe, comprehend this difference-in-non-difference and surrender oneself to the Lord in toto. The attitude of Radha to Krishna is what is recommended by this school. SrImad BhAgavatam is the most respected scripture of Dvaitadvait. Shudda Advaita - - the Pure Advaita Vallabha (1478-1530 AD) Shudda Advaita- the Pure Advaita School. According to this, the glorious Krishna in His sat-chid-Ananda form is the Absolute Brahman. He is permanently playing out His sport (leela) from His seat in the goloka which is even beyond the divine vaikunTHa, the abode of Vishnu. Creation is His sport. To obtain the Bliss given out by Krishna the only path is bhakti. But in this age of kali, the scripturesanctioned bhakti is impossible to practise. So what is recommended is puSTi bhakti –which we can all get from the natural Grace of God just like that, for no reason whatsoever. It is that bhakti, which gives itself up
Hinduism: What Really Happened in India – M. M. Ninan 228 body, heart and soul to the cause of God. It is considered to be the fullest expression of what is known as Atma-nivedana (= giving-up of oneself) among the nine forms of bhakti. It is the bhakti of the devotee, who worships God not for any reward or presents but for His own sake. Such a devotee goes to goloka after leaving this body and lives in eternal bliss enjoying the sports of the Lord. The classical example of this complete self-effacement is that of the cow-herdesses towards Krishna. AcintyaBhedabheda - Incomprehensible Distinction-Nondistinctionism. Caitanya (1485-1533 AD): AcintyaBhedabheda - Incomprehensible Distinction-Non-distinctionism. Sri Krishna Chaitanya of the 16 th century is universally known for his propagation, by excellent example of his own life, of the acintya-bhedaabheda philosophy and the conviction about the Radha-Krishna theme that popularised Radha as a Goddess and an avatAra of Lakshmi. The relationship between the Lord and His consort is that of difference within non-difference and is therefore mentally unimaginable. The Lord is having an eternal sport with Radha. By his charming sports and beautiful form He mesmerises Man, corrects him and blesses him. bhakti is the only means to reach Him. By constant practice of the instruments of bhakti, and by cultivating a taste for the names of the Lord, compassion for the living, service to the servants of God, one increases one’s component of satva-guNa (=divine tendency) and his devotion now becomes a passion for the divine in due course. This leads step by step to a state of supreme ecstasy. To reach this state, one may start from the silent bhakti of Bhishma, move on to the vAtsalya (filial affection) bhakti of Yasoda, the friendly bhakti of Arjuna, the dAsya bhakti (devotion by a servant) of Hanuman and finally reaches the mAdhura bhakti (devotion of Love) of the gopis– where the relationship between the devotee and the Lord is that of the spouse to the beloved.
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