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Chapter 7 SITE DESCRIPTIONS 7.0 Introduction The historical research undertaken suggests the presence of one Chinese garden site in the vicinity of Milparinka township. This site was known as Chinaman's Garden Well and has been located on Peak Hill Station, on land previously designated a part of Milparinka Common. Chinaman's Garden Well is on the banks of Evelyn Creek, about 2.4 kilometres upstream of Milparinka. One source indicates that six one acre holdings formerly existed in this vicinity, two of which were reserved for water supply purposes in December 1906. Unfortunately no records remain of the holdings apart from an inscription on the county map currently (December 1992) held in the NSW Registrar Generals Department. The historical research, in conjunction with oral history, suggests that in 1911 at least one of them was occupied by the Cox family, and that another was occupied by Tom Chong Toosey (Barlow:1988 & NSWPD1). Ownership of the other holdings is obscure. If the list of identified Chinese sites is extended to include those suggested primarily by oral history and location names, a further site, barely mentioned in the historical records also exists. This is Chinaman's Well, located on Mount Poole Station. With the exception of an original grant dating from 1886, and the mention made by Kidman, Chinaman's Well is unreported in the written records. The well is further removed from Milparinka than Chinaman's Garden Well, and lies on a tributary of Evelyn Creek. The site descriptions which follow are drawn from documentation prepared during the winter months of 1986 and 1987, with supplemental information recorded in July 1988, March 1989 and January 1994. 7.1 "Chinaman's Well" Map 9 shows site features discussed below. This map was prepared from site survey information gathered in 1987 and 1988, with some additional plotting being completed in 1989. Since then the activities of stock in the vicinity have made some changes, primarily to the mounds of "flood debris" discussed at paragraph 7.1.2. 7.1.1 Location Chinaman's Well is located on an essentially flat area some distance east of Evelyn Creek, and about 300 meters upstream of the point where Bendigo Creek joins with a side channel of the main creek. It is approximately equidistant from Milparinka and 'Albert', the township
associated with the Warratta quartz reefs. Evaluation of the probable route to Mount Poole diggings suggests the site is on or close to that route. To the north-west is rising ground, and to the east the flood plain of Bendigo Creek. There is an operating windmill at Chinaman's Well. According to oral history (Blore: 1985) the bore which this pumps is sunk adjacent to the original well. Harry Blore, the informant, was responsible for erection of the mill and associated sheep watering facilities. 7.1.2 Site Features Beside the windmill already mentioned is a large rectangular stone tank. The outside of this is formed of roughly dressed stone, and tapers inwards from bottom to top. The inside, which is cement rendered, is vertical. One side of the tank is built over the remains of a much smaller tank or cistern of broadly similar construction. Blore suggested this dates from the original Chinese occupation of the site. He also suggested that when he was small (during the 1930s) the remains of a wooden fence still stood around the area he pointed out as being the site of the Chinese gardens here. Blore also stated that during the 1970s he was contracted to remove an accumulation of flood debris from around the tank, and to build new watering troughs for the sheep. At that time he graded quite a lot of material from the vicinity of the tank. The material so removed forms a low mound some distance away. However, examination of mounds remaining near the windmill and tank, and in particular, of one quite tall mound, suggested that they may originally have been the floor and walls of tamped earth structures. If so four or five such structures may have existed in the vicinity of the well. A short distance west of the well is an area of more firmly packed earth. Associated with this are a number of post stumps and some wire netting, suggestive of a small yard or pen. Adjacent to a depression beside the present windmill are the remains of a whip, presumably the means by which water was previously raised from the well. The depression, again according to Blore, was the original well, and was filled by him with debris during the construction of the new facilities. However, the main structural remnant at Chinaman's Well is the ruin of a stone hut. The is located south-west of the well and appears to have been a one room structure. Associated with the stone hut is a sparse artefact scatter. Photograph 7, a view of the ruin from the east, was taken in 1988. Photograph 8, taken from the south, dates from January 1994.
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THE . BOOKBINDING COMPANY
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• for Thomas Wakefield Chambers,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A great many peopl
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 RESEARCH A
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8.2 Chinaman's Garden Well 8.1.7g C
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PLATES MAPS DESCRIPTIVE STATISITICS
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43a 43b 44 45 46 47a,c 47b 47d 48 4
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Note regarding expression of curren
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European expansion along the Darlin
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source of supply for Milparinka dur
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1.4 Research Site 1.4.1 Location of
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Additional help is sought as requir
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approached by them - 'During the at
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PART2·GENERALBACKGROUND Chapter 2
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here also is to be seen indications
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2.2.3 Expansion West of the Darling
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people from a variety of cultural b
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Wilcannia (WBC.1) dating from this
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Chapter 3 THE CHINESE IN RURAL AUST
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migrant's loyalties to family proba
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3.1.3 Attitudes towards Chinese on
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Considerable attention was given in
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the vicinity of the town even thoug
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it may also be that they simply cho
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of five had been elected 'to canvas
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Sources located during my research
Page 54 and 55: the high cost of transporting mater
Page 56 and 57: conditions.. .' However, the Austra
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 5 M1LPARINKA TOWNSHIP COMME
Page 60 and 61: But everyone did not live around Ch
Page 62 and 63: In May 1885, Thomas Chambers was ap
Page 64 and 65: Loftus Street just opposite the sto
Page 66 and 67: 1884, the adjoining block (Section
Page 68 and 69: All the Heuzenroder holdings were t
Page 70 and 71: Just over five years before the pur
Page 72 and 73: hotel's survival. Robert Kelly, how
Page 74 and 75: twenty head impounded, seven of whi
Page 76 and 77: 5.3 The Commercial Banking Company
Page 78 and 79: 5.5 Small Business During the perio
Page 80 and 81: comment now made was directed at th
Page 82 and 83: 5.7 Milparinka Public Hall As sugge
Page 84 and 85: The community at Tibooburra were th
Page 86 and 87: on the Sabbath, allowing pigs to wa
Page 88 and 89: PART 4 - THE CHINESE AT MILPARINKA
Page 91 and 92: water for washing. Last two week. W
Page 93: A further gap exists in the chronol
Page 96 and 97: plaintiff ask for the three pounds
Page 98 and 99: Chinese. The woman comes backwards
Page 100 and 101: Little Annie M'Lean, daughter of Mr
Page 102 and 103: temporary dwellings, comprised of "
Page 106 and 107: 7.1.3 Artefact Scatter The followin
Page 108 and 109: 7.1.6 Soil Samples Soil samples obt
Page 110 and 111: ecord, and of stone foundations in
Page 112 and 113: Chinese assemblages studied by othe
Page 115 and 116: TOTAL FINDS In the process of clean
Page 117 and 118: 8.0.2 Cultural Characteristics of C
Page 119: six types - 's' hooks, pegs with a
Page 122 and 123: transported away from the main area
Page 124 and 125: encountered on hollowwares from bot
Page 126 and 127: Item 744 A 14mm four-hole brass but
Page 128 and 129: All three coins were minted prior t
Page 130 and 131: describe them as opium-tincture via
Page 132 and 133: circular open-topped corrugated iro
Page 134 and 135: have resided in the vicinity. A det
Page 136 and 137: Some reasonably straightforward tes
Page 138 and 139: inside rim is also decorated, in th
Page 140 and 141: Examination of glaze variations sug
Page 142 and 143: Item#Top 26 50 • 72 107 109 229 2
Page 144 and 145: panel, between which three to five
Page 146 and 147: PARTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 9.0 I
Page 148 and 149: existed were contemporaneous, or th
Page 150 and 151: 9.2.1 Chinaman's Well At Chinaman's
Page 152 and 153: associated with the actual well, al
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The presence at Chinaman's Garden W
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China. Chinaman's Well and Chinaman
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existed between the Baker family an
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Bibliography AHERN Emily M. 1973 Th
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CUNNINGHAM G.M., MULHAM W.E., MILTH
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NEEDHAM Joseph 1986 Science and Civ
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TRAVERS Robert 1981 Australian Mand
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Aust Post NAB NSWDE NSWLA NSWPD NSW
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Appendix A CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS of
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in their hurry at crossing, and bei
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attempt at concealment of them, but
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Another coach, owned by J.A.Scott o
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Western Australia on 7 July 1894 (S
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Appendix C SUMMARY OF LAND DEALINGS
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237 83 8 20 19130526 Roderick Murch
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Appendix E SMALL BUSINESS, EDUCATIO
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there is no record as to when his b
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A endix E Small business, services
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Appendix F "Cox's Well" F.O Introdu
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Fifty meters upstream of the chimne
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G.2 Manufacturing Techniques The ev
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Tabulated outcome of Bottle Base an
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Bottle base variants (sheet 1 of 2)
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Frequency table for: FUNCTION Weigh
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Frequency table for: F-CRAFT Weight
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BOWL-S 197 3.0% FLAT 58 0.9% GLASS
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APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-VESSEL # of
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APPENDIX H DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-VESSEL Weigh
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Frequency table for: F-PERSON Weigh
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APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-HOUSE # ofar
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