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existed were contemporaneous, or that those known represent the whole. More than one tank was present, but the manner of their construction is unknown. It was possible for a small child to fall into these. The tanks were associated with the gardens themselves, but there is no clear connection between the garden or gardens and specific structures. It is possible Lum Hop's garden was associated with one structure, that another structure was associated solely with the well, and that a third structure, occupied in 1894 by Un Gee Joy, although adjacent to Lum Hop's, was not associated with either the well or Lum Hop's garden. 9.1.2 Chinaman's Well Short of giving credence to the patently deficient recollections of Sir Sidney Kidman, I am unable from the written historical record to suggest Chinaman's Well was ever occupied by Chinese. In fact there is a complete absence of specific references to the site in the general historical record. The location was granted to Duncan McBryde as improved crown lands on 16 January 1886, when McBryde was the owner of Mount Poole station. At that time the plan showed an unnamed well but no other improvements. The land was transferred from McBryde to Alexander Scott in 1899, and to Sidney Kidman in 1908. However, it is just possible three incidents recorded in the Milparinka Police Charge and Summons Book for 1897 took place in the vicinity of Chinaman's Well. These incidents were recorded as follows: 8/11/1897 Alex Lang v King Yan - trespass on enclosed lands 8/11/1897 Alex Lang v King Yow - leaving gate in fence open 27/11/1897 Alex Lang v King You - removing horses from the run without giving notice Unfortunately there is no suggestion as to where these offences took place. They could have occurred at Chinaman's Well, or at Chinaman's Garden Well, which also adjoined the Mount Poole holdings, or at any location where a gate existed. King You lived at the 'Chinaman's Garden' in 1897, the location presumed to be Chinaman's Garden Well. King Yow and King Yan could very easily be variants of King You, and it is quite possible King Yan, King You, and King Yow were the one person. It is interesting to note that Alex Lang, although at one time owner of Mount Poole station, was never officially recorded as having an interest in the lease which specifically incorporated Chinaman's Well. I am inclined to the possibility that Chinaman's Well was abandoned by the Chinese at the time Duncan McBryde acquired a lease over the site in 1886, but have found no historical evidence to support the proposition.
9.1.3 Chinese Involvement in Gold Mining The Chinese at Milparinka were certainly involved in alluvial mining. They were probably at least as successful as their European counterparts, but do not appear from the written record to have been involved at all with the quartz reefs at Whittabrinah or Warratta. This is despite suggestions in oral history (Adams: 1985) to the contrary. 9.1.4 Chinese Retail Premises A store selling bakery items and other foodstuffs, and sweets, was operated by Chinese interests at Milparinka for perhaps the last 15 years of the 30 or so years under consideration. This shop also advertised the sale of fresh fruit, and could have been one outlet for the produce of the Chinese Gardens. The store was also a restaurant, probably catering to the needs of coach passengers. 9.2 Conclusions regarding Occupation Chronology, Abandonment and Acculturation 9.2.0 Introduction Analysis of the artefacts from Chinaman's Well and from Chinaman's Garden Well has produced little evidence to support the development of an occupation and abandonment chronology. The general impression has been gained that items relating to later periods may be present in' the assemblage at Chinaman's Garden Well, but that these are generally macro artefacts. Included in this category are items which were left on site - a windlass barrel, a bed iron, a tar ladle, and part of the handle to a watering can. There appears to be a high degree of consistency in the assemblage subjected to evaluation, strongly suggestive of discrete groupings rather than randomly mixed scatter. The same cannot be said of Chinaman's Well, where the degree of site disturbance is such that the record could equally contain items from other occupation periods and casual visitations. For example the presence of a Johnny Walker Whisky bottle at the time of the first site visit, and the remnants of fencing, a derelict Austin truck, and a (crushed) green enamel bucket, none of which have been included in the discussion. Fortunately the area of each site thought to be more closely associated with Chinese occupation periods, and from which artefacts were recovered, is removed from the non-Chinese area. Accordingly it is possible to argue that the surface scatter under consideration is almost exclusively associated with the Chinese occupation. This is especially so at Chinaman's Garden Well.
Page 1 and 2:
THE . BOOKBINDING COMPANY
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• for Thomas Wakefield Chambers,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A great many peopl
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 RESEARCH A
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8.2 Chinaman's Garden Well 8.1.7g C
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PLATES MAPS DESCRIPTIVE STATISITICS
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43a 43b 44 45 46 47a,c 47b 47d 48 4
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Note regarding expression of curren
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European expansion along the Darlin
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source of supply for Milparinka dur
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1.4 Research Site 1.4.1 Location of
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Additional help is sought as requir
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approached by them - 'During the at
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PART2·GENERALBACKGROUND Chapter 2
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here also is to be seen indications
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2.2.3 Expansion West of the Darling
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people from a variety of cultural b
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Wilcannia (WBC.1) dating from this
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Chapter 3 THE CHINESE IN RURAL AUST
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migrant's loyalties to family proba
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3.1.3 Attitudes towards Chinese on
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Considerable attention was given in
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the vicinity of the town even thoug
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it may also be that they simply cho
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of five had been elected 'to canvas
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Sources located during my research
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the high cost of transporting mater
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conditions.. .' However, the Austra
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Chapter 5 M1LPARINKA TOWNSHIP COMME
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But everyone did not live around Ch
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In May 1885, Thomas Chambers was ap
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Loftus Street just opposite the sto
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1884, the adjoining block (Section
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All the Heuzenroder holdings were t
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Just over five years before the pur
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hotel's survival. Robert Kelly, how
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twenty head impounded, seven of whi
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5.3 The Commercial Banking Company
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5.5 Small Business During the perio
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comment now made was directed at th
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5.7 Milparinka Public Hall As sugge
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The community at Tibooburra were th
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on the Sabbath, allowing pigs to wa
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PART 4 - THE CHINESE AT MILPARINKA
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water for washing. Last two week. W
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A further gap exists in the chronol
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plaintiff ask for the three pounds
Page 98 and 99: Chinese. The woman comes backwards
Page 100 and 101: Little Annie M'Lean, daughter of Mr
Page 102 and 103: temporary dwellings, comprised of "
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 7 SITE DESCRIPTIONS 7.0 Int
Page 106 and 107: 7.1.3 Artefact Scatter The followin
Page 108 and 109: 7.1.6 Soil Samples Soil samples obt
Page 110 and 111: ecord, and of stone foundations in
Page 112 and 113: Chinese assemblages studied by othe
Page 115 and 116: TOTAL FINDS In the process of clean
Page 117 and 118: 8.0.2 Cultural Characteristics of C
Page 119: six types - 's' hooks, pegs with a
Page 122 and 123: transported away from the main area
Page 124 and 125: encountered on hollowwares from bot
Page 126 and 127: Item 744 A 14mm four-hole brass but
Page 128 and 129: All three coins were minted prior t
Page 130 and 131: describe them as opium-tincture via
Page 132 and 133: circular open-topped corrugated iro
Page 134 and 135: have resided in the vicinity. A det
Page 136 and 137: Some reasonably straightforward tes
Page 138 and 139: inside rim is also decorated, in th
Page 140 and 141: Examination of glaze variations sug
Page 142 and 143: Item#Top 26 50 • 72 107 109 229 2
Page 144 and 145: panel, between which three to five
Page 146 and 147: PARTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 9.0 I
Page 150 and 151: 9.2.1 Chinaman's Well At Chinaman's
Page 152 and 153: associated with the actual well, al
Page 154 and 155: The presence at Chinaman's Garden W
Page 156 and 157: China. Chinaman's Well and Chinaman
Page 158 and 159: existed between the Baker family an
Page 160 and 161: Bibliography AHERN Emily M. 1973 Th
Page 162 and 163: CUNNINGHAM G.M., MULHAM W.E., MILTH
Page 164 and 165: NEEDHAM Joseph 1986 Science and Civ
Page 166 and 167: TRAVERS Robert 1981 Australian Mand
Page 169 and 170: Aust Post NAB NSWDE NSWLA NSWPD NSW
Page 172 and 173: Appendix A CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS of
Page 174 and 175: in their hurry at crossing, and bei
Page 176 and 177: attempt at concealment of them, but
Page 178 and 179: Another coach, owned by J.A.Scott o
Page 180 and 181: Western Australia on 7 July 1894 (S
Page 182 and 183: Appendix C SUMMARY OF LAND DEALINGS
Page 186 and 187: 237 83 8 20 19130526 Roderick Murch
Page 188 and 189: Appendix E SMALL BUSINESS, EDUCATIO
Page 190 and 191: there is no record as to when his b
Page 192: A endix E Small business, services
Page 196 and 197: Appendix F "Cox's Well" F.O Introdu
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Fifty meters upstream of the chimne
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G.2 Manufacturing Techniques The ev
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Tabulated outcome of Bottle Base an
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Bottle base variants (sheet 1 of 2)
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Frequency table for: FUNCTION Weigh
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Frequency table for: F-CRAFT Weight
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BOWL-S 197 3.0% FLAT 58 0.9% GLASS
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APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-VESSEL # of
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APPENDIX H DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-VESSEL Weigh
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Frequency table for: F-PERSON Weigh
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APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-HOUSE # ofar
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