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Western Australia on 7 July 1894 (Sturt Recorder, 13 July, 1894:2), but most strings seemed to be comprised of about forty camels. Gool Mahommet, an Afghan hawker who chose to ignore the rules let his three camels feed on the common for a few hours. In consequence he was fined three shillings and sixpence, but to this were added 'costs of the court' of nine shillings and eight pence. (Sturt Recorder, 10 September 1898:2) The fine was not large, but the opportunity cost of having to attend court at Milparinka some days or weeks after the offence was committed was considerable. Another 'Afghan', Mahommet Croze, brought thirty two camels onto the common without giving the proper notice. He was fined twenty shillings when brought before the Milparinka Police Court (Sturt Recorder, 26 November 1898:2). Gool Mahommet was one of several 'Afghans' to be granted hawking licenses by the Milparinka Licensing Court. Mongul Sin, another hawker, was granted a license by the court in January 1898. Thomas Hill (licensee of the Albert Hotel) and F.C. Bamess (whose occupation at the time is unknown, but who in 1892 had been a stonemason) acted as his bondsmen (Sturt Recorder, 8 January 1898:2). The next year Patti Yungh and Rabba Singh were granted hawking licenses by the court (Sturt Recorder, 7 January 1899:3) The Afghan cameleers appear generally to have worn traditional clothing, and in the case of the haWkers, seem to have 'put on a show' when arriving in the township. Nel Barlow, in a discussion of life at Milparinka prior to the first World War said "... it was a great day the days the Afghans came though ... we'd get a school holiday and the camels would march down the street and the ghans would be all dressed up with their elaborate turbans and the camels would be all decorated up with bells and rugs and you know ... it was a great day and they'd march through the streets and we'd all get a school holiday...[they didn't come all that often]...they'd bring food .. you know big bags of flour and sugar all that and there would be some of them like be hawkers and bring materials and had materials and it would be a great day. Everybody would dress up and go down to see the hawker open up all his goods... Down towards the creek there used to be a plain there but I think there's trees on it now... they used to camp there" (Nel Barlow, personal communication, 1988). The plain was part of Milparinka Common, but by the time which Nel remembered, camels had become recognised for their worth and were perhaps grudgingly accepted by the European population. Unfortunately the nature of this camp, and its location, make it very unlikely that any archaeological evidence remains for its existence. During good seasons bullock teams and some horse teams attempted to compete with the camel trains. But a good season for horses and bullocks
was also one for camels, and the inability of the european carriers to match the low rates charged by the 'Afghan' camel men was an source of discontent in Milparinka where at least two families owned bullock and horse teams at some time. By the early 20th century the Europeans too had adopted the camel as the primary draught animal, with camel waggons becoming a feature of several photographic essays and well remembered by my informants. Camels continued to be used by 'Afghan' hawkers until the 1950s, well after the period of my research, and oral history suggests they continued to camp on the Milparinka Common.
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THE . BOOKBINDING COMPANY
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• for Thomas Wakefield Chambers,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A great many peopl
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 RESEARCH A
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8.2 Chinaman's Garden Well 8.1.7g C
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PLATES MAPS DESCRIPTIVE STATISITICS
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43a 43b 44 45 46 47a,c 47b 47d 48 4
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Note regarding expression of curren
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European expansion along the Darlin
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source of supply for Milparinka dur
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1.4 Research Site 1.4.1 Location of
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Additional help is sought as requir
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approached by them - 'During the at
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PART2·GENERALBACKGROUND Chapter 2
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here also is to be seen indications
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2.2.3 Expansion West of the Darling
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people from a variety of cultural b
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Wilcannia (WBC.1) dating from this
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Chapter 3 THE CHINESE IN RURAL AUST
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migrant's loyalties to family proba
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3.1.3 Attitudes towards Chinese on
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Considerable attention was given in
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the vicinity of the town even thoug
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it may also be that they simply cho
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of five had been elected 'to canvas
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Sources located during my research
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the high cost of transporting mater
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conditions.. .' However, the Austra
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Chapter 5 M1LPARINKA TOWNSHIP COMME
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But everyone did not live around Ch
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In May 1885, Thomas Chambers was ap
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Loftus Street just opposite the sto
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1884, the adjoining block (Section
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All the Heuzenroder holdings were t
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Just over five years before the pur
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hotel's survival. Robert Kelly, how
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twenty head impounded, seven of whi
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5.3 The Commercial Banking Company
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5.5 Small Business During the perio
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comment now made was directed at th
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5.7 Milparinka Public Hall As sugge
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The community at Tibooburra were th
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on the Sabbath, allowing pigs to wa
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PART 4 - THE CHINESE AT MILPARINKA
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water for washing. Last two week. W
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A further gap exists in the chronol
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plaintiff ask for the three pounds
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Chinese. The woman comes backwards
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Little Annie M'Lean, daughter of Mr
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temporary dwellings, comprised of "
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Chapter 7 SITE DESCRIPTIONS 7.0 Int
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7.1.3 Artefact Scatter The followin
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7.1.6 Soil Samples Soil samples obt
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ecord, and of stone foundations in
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Chinese assemblages studied by othe
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TOTAL FINDS In the process of clean
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8.0.2 Cultural Characteristics of C
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six types - 's' hooks, pegs with a
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transported away from the main area
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encountered on hollowwares from bot
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Item 744 A 14mm four-hole brass but
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All three coins were minted prior t
Page 130 and 131: describe them as opium-tincture via
Page 132 and 133: circular open-topped corrugated iro
Page 134 and 135: have resided in the vicinity. A det
Page 136 and 137: Some reasonably straightforward tes
Page 138 and 139: inside rim is also decorated, in th
Page 140 and 141: Examination of glaze variations sug
Page 142 and 143: Item#Top 26 50 • 72 107 109 229 2
Page 144 and 145: panel, between which three to five
Page 146 and 147: PARTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 9.0 I
Page 148 and 149: existed were contemporaneous, or th
Page 150 and 151: 9.2.1 Chinaman's Well At Chinaman's
Page 152 and 153: associated with the actual well, al
Page 154 and 155: The presence at Chinaman's Garden W
Page 156 and 157: China. Chinaman's Well and Chinaman
Page 158 and 159: existed between the Baker family an
Page 160 and 161: Bibliography AHERN Emily M. 1973 Th
Page 162 and 163: CUNNINGHAM G.M., MULHAM W.E., MILTH
Page 164 and 165: NEEDHAM Joseph 1986 Science and Civ
Page 166 and 167: TRAVERS Robert 1981 Australian Mand
Page 169 and 170: Aust Post NAB NSWDE NSWLA NSWPD NSW
Page 172 and 173: Appendix A CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS of
Page 174 and 175: in their hurry at crossing, and bei
Page 176 and 177: attempt at concealment of them, but
Page 178 and 179: Another coach, owned by J.A.Scott o
Page 182 and 183: Appendix C SUMMARY OF LAND DEALINGS
Page 186 and 187: 237 83 8 20 19130526 Roderick Murch
Page 188 and 189: Appendix E SMALL BUSINESS, EDUCATIO
Page 190 and 191: there is no record as to when his b
Page 192: A endix E Small business, services
Page 196 and 197: Appendix F "Cox's Well" F.O Introdu
Page 198 and 199: Fifty meters upstream of the chimne
Page 200 and 201: G.2 Manufacturing Techniques The ev
Page 203: Tabulated outcome of Bottle Base an
Page 207: Bottle base variants (sheet 1 of 2)
Page 210 and 211: Frequency table for: FUNCTION Weigh
Page 212 and 213: Frequency table for: F-CRAFT Weight
Page 214 and 215: BOWL-S 197 3.0% FLAT 58 0.9% GLASS
Page 216 and 217: APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
Page 218 and 219: Frequency table for: F-VESSEL # of
Page 220 and 221: APPENDIX H DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
Page 222 and 223: Frequency table for: F-VESSEL Weigh
Page 224 and 225: Frequency table for: F-PERSON Weigh
Page 227: APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
Page 230:
Frequency table for: F-HOUSE # ofar
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