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Chinese assemblages studied by others are discussed at paragraph 8.0.2. At this point it needs to be emphasised that this information suggests that unless the Chinese sites at Milparinka are very unusual, they could be expected to contain a reasonably complex mixture of both Chinese and European artefacts. In addition, the 'Cox period', discussed at paragraph 8.2.2, is roughly contiguous with the last years of Chinese occupation of Chinaman's Garden Well. These two factors make it unlikely that any mixing of the assemblage at Chinaman's Garden Well will be visible. In regard to Chinaman's Well, the situation is more complex, as there is no historical chronology from which to draw guidance. Certainly the surface record is disturbed, but the degree to which it contains material from other occupation periods is problematic. At both sites the local propensity for reuse of materials, and for the hoarding of materials gathered from other locations is a further complication. 8.0.1 Methodology During the winter of 1988 one meter grids were surveyed over the sites identified as Chinaman's Well, Cox's Well, and Chinaman's Garden Well. The alignment of these grids was determined by the location of a traverse established along the major axis of the site. Permanent markers (wooden survey pegs) were placed at fifty meter intersects, and the compass bearing along the major axis was noted. At each site a major feature was chosen as a permanent reference point. Site features were surveyed according to their offsets from the fifty-meter grid lines, and site plans were developed from these surveys. The contours of creeks and subsidiary watercourses were noted, but with the exception of two depressions at Chinaman's Garden Well no attempt was made to plot other contour details of the sites. As mentioned elsewhere, Cox's Well was excluded from further analysis. A basic description of that site is included as Appendix F. Artefactual material was collected and bagged according to the surveyed one-meter grid. Statistics relating to the collected material were as follows. Site Area Surveyed #Quads with #Finds #Items (Quads -1 Sq.m) Artefacts Chinaman's Well 17500 28 146 459 Chinaman's Garden Well 15000 73 556 1683 Totals 32500 101 702 2142
In the discussion which follows, the term artefact is used in reference to a whole object - a bottle, a plate, a spoon. The term find is used to describe a group of items from one quadrat which to relate to one artefact, and an item is a single piece of artefactual material. Therefore a find can be comprised of several items, and several finds could represent one artefact. Most of the items collected were cleaned and classified. This process took place in Sydney over a period of three years. During this period bags containing items which it was though might deteriorate due to changes in humidity were sealed and placed in a second bag or closed plastic box which contained a quantity of silica gel. Items which contained residues or deposits which it was considered might be useful for subsequent analysis were subjected only to minimal cleaning, and then classified. Classification involved sorting items from each quadrat into finds. Finds were then recorded in a Minark V4.12 database and rebagged according to the record number in that database. The database record number has been used as the reference to photographs of the finds which are discussed in paragraphs 8.1.7 and 8.2.7. A summary of the classification results is tabulated below. FUNCTIONAL CLASS Architectural Non-structural window glass Structural bolt/escutcheonlflat iron nail nut/rivet washer wire Agricultural/Pastoral/Craft Food Household hook lamp whet stone wind chime Kitchenware bottle glass - non-diagnostic bottle base bottle lip or rim glass stopper vinegar bottle glass - non-diagnostic CHINAMAN'S WELL Nbr Nbr Items Finds CHINAMAN'S GARDEN WELL Nbr Nbr Items Finds
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THE . BOOKBINDING COMPANY
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• for Thomas Wakefield Chambers,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A great many peopl
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 RESEARCH A
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8.2 Chinaman's Garden Well 8.1.7g C
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PLATES MAPS DESCRIPTIVE STATISITICS
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43a 43b 44 45 46 47a,c 47b 47d 48 4
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Note regarding expression of curren
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European expansion along the Darlin
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source of supply for Milparinka dur
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1.4 Research Site 1.4.1 Location of
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Additional help is sought as requir
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approached by them - 'During the at
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PART2·GENERALBACKGROUND Chapter 2
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here also is to be seen indications
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2.2.3 Expansion West of the Darling
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people from a variety of cultural b
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Wilcannia (WBC.1) dating from this
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Chapter 3 THE CHINESE IN RURAL AUST
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migrant's loyalties to family proba
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3.1.3 Attitudes towards Chinese on
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Considerable attention was given in
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the vicinity of the town even thoug
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it may also be that they simply cho
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of five had been elected 'to canvas
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Sources located during my research
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the high cost of transporting mater
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conditions.. .' However, the Austra
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Chapter 5 M1LPARINKA TOWNSHIP COMME
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But everyone did not live around Ch
Page 62 and 63: In May 1885, Thomas Chambers was ap
Page 64 and 65: Loftus Street just opposite the sto
Page 66 and 67: 1884, the adjoining block (Section
Page 68 and 69: All the Heuzenroder holdings were t
Page 70 and 71: Just over five years before the pur
Page 72 and 73: hotel's survival. Robert Kelly, how
Page 74 and 75: twenty head impounded, seven of whi
Page 76 and 77: 5.3 The Commercial Banking Company
Page 78 and 79: 5.5 Small Business During the perio
Page 80 and 81: comment now made was directed at th
Page 82 and 83: 5.7 Milparinka Public Hall As sugge
Page 84 and 85: The community at Tibooburra were th
Page 86 and 87: on the Sabbath, allowing pigs to wa
Page 88 and 89: PART 4 - THE CHINESE AT MILPARINKA
Page 91 and 92: water for washing. Last two week. W
Page 93: A further gap exists in the chronol
Page 96 and 97: plaintiff ask for the three pounds
Page 98 and 99: Chinese. The woman comes backwards
Page 100 and 101: Little Annie M'Lean, daughter of Mr
Page 102 and 103: temporary dwellings, comprised of "
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 7 SITE DESCRIPTIONS 7.0 Int
Page 106 and 107: 7.1.3 Artefact Scatter The followin
Page 108 and 109: 7.1.6 Soil Samples Soil samples obt
Page 110 and 111: ecord, and of stone foundations in
Page 115 and 116: TOTAL FINDS In the process of clean
Page 117 and 118: 8.0.2 Cultural Characteristics of C
Page 119: six types - 's' hooks, pegs with a
Page 122 and 123: transported away from the main area
Page 124 and 125: encountered on hollowwares from bot
Page 126 and 127: Item 744 A 14mm four-hole brass but
Page 128 and 129: All three coins were minted prior t
Page 130 and 131: describe them as opium-tincture via
Page 132 and 133: circular open-topped corrugated iro
Page 134 and 135: have resided in the vicinity. A det
Page 136 and 137: Some reasonably straightforward tes
Page 138 and 139: inside rim is also decorated, in th
Page 140 and 141: Examination of glaze variations sug
Page 142 and 143: Item#Top 26 50 • 72 107 109 229 2
Page 144 and 145: panel, between which three to five
Page 146 and 147: PARTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 9.0 I
Page 148 and 149: existed were contemporaneous, or th
Page 150 and 151: 9.2.1 Chinaman's Well At Chinaman's
Page 152 and 153: associated with the actual well, al
Page 154 and 155: The presence at Chinaman's Garden W
Page 156 and 157: China. Chinaman's Well and Chinaman
Page 158 and 159: existed between the Baker family an
Page 160 and 161: Bibliography AHERN Emily M. 1973 Th
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CUNNINGHAM G.M., MULHAM W.E., MILTH
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NEEDHAM Joseph 1986 Science and Civ
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TRAVERS Robert 1981 Australian Mand
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Aust Post NAB NSWDE NSWLA NSWPD NSW
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Appendix A CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS of
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in their hurry at crossing, and bei
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attempt at concealment of them, but
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Another coach, owned by J.A.Scott o
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Western Australia on 7 July 1894 (S
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Appendix C SUMMARY OF LAND DEALINGS
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237 83 8 20 19130526 Roderick Murch
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Appendix E SMALL BUSINESS, EDUCATIO
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there is no record as to when his b
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A endix E Small business, services
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Appendix F "Cox's Well" F.O Introdu
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Fifty meters upstream of the chimne
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G.2 Manufacturing Techniques The ev
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Tabulated outcome of Bottle Base an
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Bottle base variants (sheet 1 of 2)
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Frequency table for: FUNCTION Weigh
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Frequency table for: F-CRAFT Weight
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BOWL-S 197 3.0% FLAT 58 0.9% GLASS
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APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-VESSEL # of
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APPENDIX H DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-VESSEL Weigh
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Frequency table for: F-PERSON Weigh
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APPENDIX I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS C
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Frequency table for: F-HOUSE # ofar
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