Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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Background The federal government has issued Agroenergy Policy Guidelines prepared by an interministerial team and approved by the President of Brazil. The document provides for the creation of the Interministerial Management Council to manage the agroenergy policy in accordance with the following general guidelines. Development of agroenergy. Through the expansion of the ethanol sector, establishment of a biodiesel production chain using residues and development of cultivated energy forests throughout the country, focusing on efficiency and productivity and favoring less developed regions. Agroenergy and food production. The expansion of agroenergy should not affect food production for domestic consumption, particularly staple food production. Instead, some biodiesel coproducts, such as soybean and sunflower cakes, would complement the human food and animal feed supply. Technology development. Research and development (R&D) of appropriate agricultural and industrial technologies for the agroenergy production chains that ensure increased competitiveness, added value and lessened environmental impacts. At the same time, technological development should contribute to economic and social insertion, including the development of technologies appropriate to small-scale use of energy-producing biomass. Community energy self-sufficiency. The idea is to enable individual farmers and farmer cooperatives or associations, in addition to land reform settlements, to generate their own electric power, particularly in the remotest regions of the country. Job and income generation. The agroenergy policy should help develop the hinterlands and eliminate social exclusion. It should also help fix the local populations in their habitat and reduce regional disparities, especially by adding value to the production chains and integrating the various dimensions of agribusiness. Optimizing the use of areas affected by anthropic action. In producing energy crops, the sustainability of the production systems should be of major import. Unjustifiable expansions of the agricultural frontier and encroachment upon sensitive or protected systems, such as the Amazon Forest and the Pantanal region, inter alia, should be discouraged. Bioenergy projects could also contribute to the reclamation of degraded areas. Optimization of regional vocations. Encouraging the installation of agroenergy projects in regions where large extensions of land with intense 11
solar radiation and plentiful manpower are available. These projects would provide advantages for both labor and capital and from the private and social standpoints when compared with even the most profitable crops. Leadership in the international biofuel market. Brazil's comparative advantages enable the country to seek a leading role in the international biofuel market and promote energy products derived from agroenergy. An expansion of exports would bring in hard currency, consolidate the agroenergy sector and provide an added thrust to the development of the country. Compliance with environmental policy. Agroenergy programs should comply rigorously with the Brazilian environmental policy and the provisions of the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, increasing the use of renewable sources of energy with diminished greenhouse gas emissions. The position of the federal government as regards the future supply of energy from renewable sources has gone beyond a merely public administration issue and has become a State matter because of its comprehensiveness and consequences for the development of the country. The supply of energy at high prices compromises economic development, job and income generation and the welfare of the Brazilian people. Agriculture is a viable alternative for the generation of renewable energy from the economic, social and environmental points of view. Alcohol production from sugarcane is a successful example worldwide, because it has enabled the replacement of a substantial part of the gasoline used in transportation with alcohol. It is possible to repeat the process with other types of biomass. There are various challenges to be met, including the development of agronomic technologies, which involves the selection of the best plants species and the most efficient production systems for this purpose, as well as the regions with the highest production potential. It is also necessary to develop new industrial technologies to transform the agricultural products into bioenergy. The large-scale production of agroenergy not only would diminish energy costs when compared with petroleum, but also has environmental advantages, in addition to creating income and jobs in the rural sector. In other words, it would promote the sustainable development of the Brazilian hinterlands, particularly of the remote regions. Since agriculture has been established as a viable alternative to face the challenges involved in producing agroenergy, the Ministry of Agriculture, 12
Page 1 and 2: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock
Page 3 and 4: Translated from the 2nd revised edi
Page 6: Contents Executive Summary ........
Page 9 and 10: the possibility of earmarking new l
Page 11: systems and the quality of life. Th
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2. Agroenergy production cha
Page 17 and 18: a) Achieving sustainability of the
Page 19 and 20: • Funding sources. The RD&I activ
Page 21 and 22: Cross sectional actions There are d
Page 23 and 24: • Developing technologies to add
Page 25 and 26: of the systems and replacing fossil
Page 27 and 28: • Improving the biodiesel quality
Page 29 and 30: Biogas • Developing and evaluatin
Page 31 and 32: Institutional Partnerships in Agroe
Page 33 and 34: Creation of Embrapa Agroenergy The
Page 35 and 36: International Biofuel Market Ethano
Page 37 and 38: The purpose of these actions is to
Page 39 and 40: Supplying lines of credit adequate
Page 42 and 43: Annex 1 Current Energy Scenario and
Page 44 and 45: Figure1. International price of the
Page 46 and 47: Furthermore, the actual possibiliti
Page 48 and 49: This scenario of increasing scarcit
Page 50 and 51: produce approximately 4,500 EJ2 of
Page 52 and 53: Figure. 4. Area of expansion of ene
Page 54 and 55: The considerable variations in CO c
Page 56 and 57: • The growing energy demand and t
Page 58 and 59: Energy supply and demand scenarios
Page 60 and 61: The most promising of all fossil so
Page 62:
Table 9. Evolution of biomass costs
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Agroenergy Production Chains The ag
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Alcohol is used mixed with gasoline
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Consequently, alcohol fueled more t
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in the sugar & alcohol production c
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uncertainties still remain: the cor
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medium-size farmers by favoring sug
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possibility of increasing their ove
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in Brazil's share of the internatio
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it would be necessary to set up at
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those biodiesel plants has been app
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Table 11. Characteristics of oleagi
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until the 17th year, in a productiv
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Using agricultural zoning Embrapa h
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A useful reference is an Abiove stu
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Production and productivity indicat
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the charcoal for the steel industry
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The anaerobic digestion process (bi
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The average electric power consumpt
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sizable proportion of the residue i
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Figure 14. Atmospheric carbon dioxi
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carbon from a CDM project varies fr
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Emission Reduction), a differentiat
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• Direct substitution of fossil f
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SCHERER, E. E.; AITA, C.; BALDISSER
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DOHANYOS, M.; KOSOVA, B.; ZABRANSKA
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ROBIN, P.; SOULOUMIAC, D.; OLIVEIRA
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Printing and finishing Embrapa Publ
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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