Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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Figure 13. Metabolic phases of the anaerobic digestion process in biodigesters. Biogas use in poultry and swine farms Brazilian swine and poultry farms standout because of their high technological level and the special place that Brazil holds among meat exporters. Nevertheless, the climatic conditions, particularly in the South and Southeast Regions, have contributed significantly to changes in the consumption of the energy used to keep the young animals' environment warm during their first days at the farms. Large amounts of poultry bedding are being produced because of the huge number of broiler farms coming into operation in the last few years. This growth is based on the high technical standards of the sheds, which cause increased energy and economic dependence on the systems. Biodigestion, or anaerobic digestion, is a good alternative for the treatment of the poultry bedding. Furthermore, biodigestion's byproducts – biogas and biofertilizers – are very valuable as sources de energy and plant nutrition, replacing inputs previously purchased by the poultry farmers. These systems are composed of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled bell jars and infrared or incandescent lamps. All these heating systems use non-renewable sources of energy, with high production costs for the farmer. 97
The average electric power consumption in broiler farms is 2,169 kWh/farm/ month according to the Cemig power company in Minas Gerais, not taking into account the electric power used to keep the poultry warm. However, when we also consider the use of electric bell jars to warm the chicks (1,000 W for every 500-chick lot) during the first 21 days of life, consumption rises to 16,128kWh. The average LPG consumption in the bell jars to warm the chicks in farms with 16,000 birds (12 x 100 m), in the South Region's cold winter, is about 546 kg (42 13-kg containers), or R$ 1,260.00 (42 x R$ 30.00) for each chicken lot in the farm, or a total of R$ 8,820.00 (cost of the LPG container in October 2004 = R$ 30,00) for seven lots per year. Souza (2001) observed that the percentage of energy used to warm the substrate is very high and that it would be possible to improve the efficiency of the system in a way that would enable the net biogas production to be used simultaneously for other purposes. The expansion of swine production in some regions, especially in the South, has led to the discharge of a significant volume of residues in certain areas, causing serious concern over environmental degradation and the resulting impact on the qualify of life. The search for technologies that help reduce environmental pollution has been in the agenda of the most varied sectors of society, particularly in the producers' agenda, with a view to improving and preserve the quality of life of the population. Because of the legislation, there are growing demands regarding the criteria used for the management of wastes. The criteria have become increasingly more rigorous and impose a heavy economic burden on producers. It is essential that the processes used for treating wastes evolve and that their cost decrease, so as to make them available to swine farmers. By combining environmental action – aiming at reducing effluent and gas emissions – and the creation of a viable and attractive alternative for swine farmers, well-known innovative companies are building and facilitating the installation of biodigesters in the swine farms in their network. In exchange, these companies benefit by collecting carbon credits in the market as a function of the biodigesters they have had installed. It is estimated that more than 70 biodigesters have been built recently under such schemes, in addition to the 320 biodigesters currently being built in the states of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Goiás. When submitted to anaerobic digestion in biodigesters, swine wastes only release carbon as CH 4 and CO 2 (diminishing the C/N ratio in the organic 98
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock
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Translated from the 2nd revised edi
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Contents Executive Summary ........
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the possibility of earmarking new l
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systems and the quality of life. Th
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solar radiation and plentiful manpo
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Figure 2. Agroenergy production cha
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a) Achieving sustainability of the
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• Funding sources. The RD&I activ
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Cross sectional actions There are d
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• Developing technologies to add
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of the systems and replacing fossil
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• Improving the biodiesel quality
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Biogas • Developing and evaluatin
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Institutional Partnerships in Agroe
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Creation of Embrapa Agroenergy The
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International Biofuel Market Ethano
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The purpose of these actions is to
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Supplying lines of credit adequate
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Annex 1 Current Energy Scenario and
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Figure1. International price of the
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Furthermore, the actual possibiliti
Page 48 and 49: This scenario of increasing scarcit
Page 50 and 51: produce approximately 4,500 EJ2 of
Page 52 and 53: Figure. 4. Area of expansion of ene
Page 54 and 55: The considerable variations in CO c
Page 56 and 57: • The growing energy demand and t
Page 58 and 59: Energy supply and demand scenarios
Page 60 and 61: The most promising of all fossil so
Page 62: Table 9. Evolution of biomass costs
Page 65 and 66: Agroenergy Production Chains The ag
Page 67 and 68: Alcohol is used mixed with gasoline
Page 69 and 70: Consequently, alcohol fueled more t
Page 71 and 72: in the sugar & alcohol production c
Page 73 and 74: uncertainties still remain: the cor
Page 75 and 76: medium-size farmers by favoring sug
Page 77 and 78: possibility of increasing their ove
Page 79 and 80: in Brazil's share of the internatio
Page 81 and 82: it would be necessary to set up at
Page 83 and 84: those biodiesel plants has been app
Page 85 and 86: Table 11. Characteristics of oleagi
Page 87 and 88: until the 17th year, in a productiv
Page 89 and 90: Using agricultural zoning Embrapa h
Page 91 and 92: A useful reference is an Abiove stu
Page 93 and 94: Production and productivity indicat
Page 95 and 96: the charcoal for the steel industry
Page 97: The anaerobic digestion process (bi
Page 101 and 102: sizable proportion of the residue i
Page 103 and 104: Figure 14. Atmospheric carbon dioxi
Page 105 and 106: carbon from a CDM project varies fr
Page 107 and 108: Emission Reduction), a differentiat
Page 109 and 110: • Direct substitution of fossil f
Page 111 and 112: SCHERER, E. E.; AITA, C.; BALDISSER
Page 113 and 114: DOHANYOS, M.; KOSOVA, B.; ZABRANSKA
Page 115 and 116: ROBIN, P.; SOULOUMIAC, D.; OLIVEIRA
Page 117 and 118: Printing and finishing Embrapa Publ
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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