Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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The main aspects to be considered are: • Multidisciplinary technical team. The numerous fields of knowledge that make up agroenergy require complex research networks constituted by diverse disciplines and professionals with distinct training, such as physics; chemistry; biology; biotechnology; agronomic, chemical, environmental, electric, mechanical, and civil engineering; sociology; and economics, among others. • Management of the RD&I and TT Plan. The participants will be organized into formal institutional partnerships in charge of executing the National Agroenergy Plan. • Organizational partnerships. Identification of the actors in RD&I, agribusiness, or the energy chains for the purpose of setting up the closely and firmly integrated, long-term institutional and organizational partnerships required for the success of the activity. The objective of these partnerships is to systematize agroenergy research. The partners will be private or public entities known to be involved in S&T research, even when the main focus of their business is not research and development. • Strategic partnerships. The strategic partners will collaborate in specific activities of certain programs or projects and make discrete contributions to technological development. Both organizational and strategic partnerships will be tightly articulated in order to support the agroenergy RD&I activities. • Mobilization of skills. Networks should be organized so as to ensure the success of the RD&I program. Such networks should reach beyond the boundaries of academe to find research partners that can actually contribute to the overall effort with their management skills, installed industrial base, market knowledge, etc. • Entrepreneurship. The RD&I program should consider its contribution to the development of the national production chains. It should also enable the return of research funding resources as royalties, or some other type of remuneration for technology production, technical assistance, consultancy, or others as contemplated in the Innovation Law. • Training. The agroenergy research networks will require formal and informal training because of the dynamic nature of the research areas involved. The networks will also receive recent graduates for specialized training and preparation for the RD&I activities, with strong emphasis on specialized manpower to be supplied directly to the production sector. 17
• Funding sources. The RD&I activities will be funded by various sources, namely: regular National Treasury budgets; the National Agroenergy Research Fund; partners' budgets; resources obtained by the projects; sectoral or research funds; voluntary donations; compulsory funds established by law; proceeds from the sale of services, studies, projects, technical assistance, royalties, technology charges, financial profits and other; loans and grants from financial institutions; transfers from nongovernmental organizations; and funds from foreign institutions under the heading of technical cooperation. The program guidelines are divided along three main lines: agronomic technology development; industrial technology development; and sociological, economic, market, management, and public policy studies. Agronomic technology will especially focus on sugarcane, oleaginous plant species and energy forests. Industrial technology will focus on the development of forms of energy, non-power use of products and coproducts, uses and impacts of biofuels. The remaining studies will be transversal in nature and distributed along time and space; they will percolate through the various chains. Scope of RD&I in Agroenergy The RD&I Program contemplated in the National Agroenergy Plan covers various different dimensions in order to meet the needs of the sectoral public policies, the aspirations of society and the needs of the clients. In terms of the timeframe, the program encompasses short-, mediumand long-term goals. Geographically, the program includes appropriate technology for the various ecosystems and environments in the country. Environmentally, the technologies to be developed must meet environmental protection and damage reduction requirements. From the social standpoint, the RD&I program will consider the need to increase income and job opportunities and ensure their equitable distribution, as well as guarantee system sustainability and quality of life, mitigating strenuous physical exertion and assuring the independence of rural workers and their organizations. 18
Page 1 and 2: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock
Page 3 and 4: Translated from the 2nd revised edi
Page 6: Contents Executive Summary ........
Page 9 and 10: the possibility of earmarking new l
Page 11 and 12: systems and the quality of life. Th
Page 13 and 14: solar radiation and plentiful manpo
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2. Agroenergy production cha
Page 17: a) Achieving sustainability of the
Page 21 and 22: Cross sectional actions There are d
Page 23 and 24: • Developing technologies to add
Page 25 and 26: of the systems and replacing fossil
Page 27 and 28: • Improving the biodiesel quality
Page 29 and 30: Biogas • Developing and evaluatin
Page 31 and 32: Institutional Partnerships in Agroe
Page 33 and 34: Creation of Embrapa Agroenergy The
Page 35 and 36: International Biofuel Market Ethano
Page 37 and 38: The purpose of these actions is to
Page 39 and 40: Supplying lines of credit adequate
Page 42 and 43: Annex 1 Current Energy Scenario and
Page 44 and 45: Figure1. International price of the
Page 46 and 47: Furthermore, the actual possibiliti
Page 48 and 49: This scenario of increasing scarcit
Page 50 and 51: produce approximately 4,500 EJ2 of
Page 52 and 53: Figure. 4. Area of expansion of ene
Page 54 and 55: The considerable variations in CO c
Page 56 and 57: • The growing energy demand and t
Page 58 and 59: Energy supply and demand scenarios
Page 60 and 61: The most promising of all fossil so
Page 62: Table 9. Evolution of biomass costs
Page 65 and 66: Agroenergy Production Chains The ag
Page 67 and 68: Alcohol is used mixed with gasoline
Page 69 and 70:
Consequently, alcohol fueled more t
Page 71 and 72:
in the sugar & alcohol production c
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uncertainties still remain: the cor
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medium-size farmers by favoring sug
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possibility of increasing their ove
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in Brazil's share of the internatio
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it would be necessary to set up at
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those biodiesel plants has been app
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Table 11. Characteristics of oleagi
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until the 17th year, in a productiv
Page 89 and 90:
Using agricultural zoning Embrapa h
Page 91 and 92:
A useful reference is an Abiove stu
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Production and productivity indicat
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the charcoal for the steel industry
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The anaerobic digestion process (bi
Page 99 and 100:
The average electric power consumpt
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sizable proportion of the residue i
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Figure 14. Atmospheric carbon dioxi
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carbon from a CDM project varies fr
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Emission Reduction), a differentiat
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• Direct substitution of fossil f
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SCHERER, E. E.; AITA, C.; BALDISSER
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DOHANYOS, M.; KOSOVA, B.; ZABRANSKA
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ROBIN, P.; SOULOUMIAC, D.; OLIVEIRA
Page 117 and 118:
Printing and finishing Embrapa Publ
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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