Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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Petrobras’ contracts with Venezuelan and Nigerian oil companies, along with the expectations about the Japanese market and the investments being reprocessed in the Caribbean with a view to the American market21 , could represent an increase in alcohol exports of 4 to 5-billion liters. It can be properly inferred, therefore, that external demand will probably press for an increment of more than 120-million tons of sugarcane, most of which for sugar production. If these expectations are confirmed, the additional demand would total almost 220-million tons of sugarcane in the next eight years, or more than 50% of the current annual production, to be met by enlarging some units and setting up at least 60 new medium-size plants. There were 320 sugar & alcohol mills in Brazil in 2005, with a total installed processing capacity in excess of 430-million tons of sugarcane. Together they could produce up to 20-million tons of sugar and 18-billion liters of alcohol. The 390-million tons of sugarcane to be processed this year will yield 27.5-million tons of sugar and 16.7-billion liters of alcohol. In addition, close to 3 GWh will be generated during the average yearly operation period of 4,000 hours, almost 90% of which for the mills' own consumption. Electric power cogeneration from sugarcane bagasse, straw and styles is only one of the new development possibilities open to the sugar & alcohol industry. Like gasification, which substantially raises the efficiency of bagasse burning, studies are underway to produce alcohol, and even biodiesel, through the lignocellulose hydrolysis of bagasse. In the opinion of some experts, the market remuneration for liquid fuels can grow sufficiently to encourage some sugar mills to produce either alcohol or biodiesel from bagasse using natural gas as energy source. Challenges to the Brazilian sugar & alcohol industry Renewable energy should become really big business in the 21st century, with biomass playing a special role in this context, particularly sugarcane biomass. The revitalization of the domestic fuel alcohol market coincides with an increase 21 This strategy takes advantage of the American market quotas for the countries in that region under the protection of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI). 77
in Brazil's share of the international sugar market, while the world moves towards using ethanol as fuel oxygenant, as we do. It is estimated that a sugarcane supply of 220-million tons would require increasing the sugarcane-farmed area by almost 3-million hectares in the next 6 to 8 years. The goal of planting three million hectares could be substantially reduced by means of continuous, substantial productivity gains and by increasing sucrose contents. Either way sugarcane plantations occupy only 10% of the total planted area and much farmable land is still available in the country, particularly in the Cerrado22 . Brazil faces other more worrisome internal and external challenges that involve government policies and the large public and private investments required to meet the growing domestic and foreign demands. Despite the pioneering spirit and technical qualifications of our industry, as well as the lower costs and considerable potential to increase production, such challenges require concerted planning and action by both government and private sector. The first and perhaps greatest challenge relates to the size of the world fuel-alcohol market. Half of Brazil's sugarcane production suffices to replace 40% of the gasoline consumed in the country, while world ethanol production and demand are still insignificant, although quickly growing. It is absolutely essential to seek partnerships, particularly with other sugarcane producer countries. They could follow in the steps of the Brazilian agro-industry, invest in improving the use of their raw material by diversifying production and improving sugarcane quality, which would give them access to two different markets: the food market and the energy market. Alcohol production can be an alternative for countries benefiting from special USA and EU quota regimes, such as the Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP). In turn, this would bring Brazil closer to them and dispel any dissatisfaction caused by the WTO panel brought by Brazil, Australia and Thailand against the European sugar regime from which they benefit. In addition, alcohol production in the ACP countries would mean more demand for Brazilian services and industrial equipment, as well as new investment opportunities abroad focusing on new markets. Contacts with countries that have a large demand, particularly the United States, for the purpose of working together to define international technical 22 The pasture area with some degree of degradation is estimated at 50-million hectares, most of it in the Cerrado. 78
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock
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Translated from the 2nd revised edi
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Contents Executive Summary ........
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the possibility of earmarking new l
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systems and the quality of life. Th
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solar radiation and plentiful manpo
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Figure 2. Agroenergy production cha
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a) Achieving sustainability of the
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• Funding sources. The RD&I activ
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Cross sectional actions There are d
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• Developing technologies to add
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of the systems and replacing fossil
Page 27 and 28: • Improving the biodiesel quality
Page 29 and 30: Biogas • Developing and evaluatin
Page 31 and 32: Institutional Partnerships in Agroe
Page 33 and 34: Creation of Embrapa Agroenergy The
Page 35 and 36: International Biofuel Market Ethano
Page 37 and 38: The purpose of these actions is to
Page 39 and 40: Supplying lines of credit adequate
Page 42 and 43: Annex 1 Current Energy Scenario and
Page 44 and 45: Figure1. International price of the
Page 46 and 47: Furthermore, the actual possibiliti
Page 48 and 49: This scenario of increasing scarcit
Page 50 and 51: produce approximately 4,500 EJ2 of
Page 52 and 53: Figure. 4. Area of expansion of ene
Page 54 and 55: The considerable variations in CO c
Page 56 and 57: • The growing energy demand and t
Page 58 and 59: Energy supply and demand scenarios
Page 60 and 61: The most promising of all fossil so
Page 62: Table 9. Evolution of biomass costs
Page 65 and 66: Agroenergy Production Chains The ag
Page 67 and 68: Alcohol is used mixed with gasoline
Page 69 and 70: Consequently, alcohol fueled more t
Page 71 and 72: in the sugar & alcohol production c
Page 73 and 74: uncertainties still remain: the cor
Page 75 and 76: medium-size farmers by favoring sug
Page 77: possibility of increasing their ove
Page 81 and 82: it would be necessary to set up at
Page 83 and 84: those biodiesel plants has been app
Page 85 and 86: Table 11. Characteristics of oleagi
Page 87 and 88: until the 17th year, in a productiv
Page 89 and 90: Using agricultural zoning Embrapa h
Page 91 and 92: A useful reference is an Abiove stu
Page 93 and 94: Production and productivity indicat
Page 95 and 96: the charcoal for the steel industry
Page 97 and 98: The anaerobic digestion process (bi
Page 99 and 100: The average electric power consumpt
Page 101 and 102: sizable proportion of the residue i
Page 103 and 104: Figure 14. Atmospheric carbon dioxi
Page 105 and 106: carbon from a CDM project varies fr
Page 107 and 108: Emission Reduction), a differentiat
Page 109 and 110: • Direct substitution of fossil f
Page 111 and 112: SCHERER, E. E.; AITA, C.; BALDISSER
Page 113 and 114: DOHANYOS, M.; KOSOVA, B.; ZABRANSKA
Page 115 and 116: ROBIN, P.; SOULOUMIAC, D.; OLIVEIRA
Page 117 and 118: Printing and finishing Embrapa Publ
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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