Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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The disciplinary dimension should focus on the development of agronomic technology to obtain appropriate raw materials, the development of sustainable processes, and compliance with the standards and regulations, as well as become integrated into the production chain, especially coproducts, byproducts, wastes and residues of agricultural or agro-industrial production. In terms of the technological development framework, the RD&I program will consider carbon market opportunities as a part of the production systems. The process will include studies and development of scenarios of a social, economic and environmental nature that modulate the technological demands. Brazil should be prepared for the post-Kyoto negotiations ensuing the renewed global effort to reduce global warming. The country will certainly not receive the same condescension other countries extended during the current Kyoto protocol negotiations, particularly in view of the uninterrupted CO2 emissions from fires in the Amazon and the Cerrado. Brazil must present a major clean energy program with world impact to counterbalance the negative effects of the fires and provide better negotiating conditions. Some pinpointed actions in agribusiness could be undertaken in terms of an investment effort in agroenergy. There are two main considerations: a) Rural producers and associated agro-industries - separately or in association - should seek energy self-sufficiency based on renewable sources, particularly agroenergy. b) The agroenergy RD&I networks should review the energy demand of the production systems aiming at two goals: quantitative reduction of energy consumption and replacement of the energy sources of the production and processing systems. RD&I Agenda The RD&I Agenda is a macro strategic research agenda that takes into account the timeframe, social and environmental concerns, connections with Brazil's major objectives and commitments in international agreements, and inductions of the international agribusiness market and, particularly, the international biomarket. Thus the importance of organizing a sectoral RD&I Agenda clearly based on complex, multidisciplinary, multi-institutional networks, anchored by international cooperation, guided by sectoral public policies, and closely linked to the aspirations of society and the demands of the clients. 19
Cross sectional actions There are demands in all agroenergy chains, namely: • Designing socio-economic and strategic studies, such as database compilation and maintenance, scenario development, prospective studies, ex-ante and ex-post evaluations, preparing input for public policy design in the energy area and its connection with environmental, economic, social, and business topics. • Carrying out competitiveness studies, focusing on the obstacles to chain performance, market niches and opportunities, attracting investments, investments in logistics, strategy, and geopolitics. • Evaluating the energy balances of the life cycle of the Brazilian agribusiness production chains, for the purpose of replacing fossil carbon sources with agroenergy sources and progressively reducing the energy demand of such production systems. • Carrying out agro-ecological zoning of the most important plant species for energy agriculture. • Developing cooperative networks to identify non-tariff barriers and find suitable solutions for the main markets on the basis of an evaluation of the conformity or nonconformity with international standards of measuring methods and techniques in the clean development mechanisms (CDM) projects. • Incorporating into scientific and technological development programs new models of study, such as: CDM in breeding programs that focus on valuable crops, good agricultural practices, impact on biomes, ruminant nutrition management, and issues linked to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) in various production systems along the entire agricultural production chain, consolidating a database that permits forward analyses in the context of sustainable development, in coordination with territorial, regional and global initiatives. To that end, it would be necessary to train a technical-scientific corps on the topics associated with the clean development mechanism, to foster the development of new networks and to expand existing networks considering that the lines of research involved are very new, very dynamic and multidisciplinary in nature. • Mapping and following up the various project portfolios and exploring carbon market issues as yet unsolved. Thus, S&T can generate and make available consistent data in a systematic fashion for the purpose of drawing the base 20
Page 1 and 2: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock
Page 3 and 4: Translated from the 2nd revised edi
Page 6: Contents Executive Summary ........
Page 9 and 10: the possibility of earmarking new l
Page 11 and 12: systems and the quality of life. Th
Page 13 and 14: solar radiation and plentiful manpo
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2. Agroenergy production cha
Page 17 and 18: a) Achieving sustainability of the
Page 19: • Funding sources. The RD&I activ
Page 23 and 24: • Developing technologies to add
Page 25 and 26: of the systems and replacing fossil
Page 27 and 28: • Improving the biodiesel quality
Page 29 and 30: Biogas • Developing and evaluatin
Page 31 and 32: Institutional Partnerships in Agroe
Page 33 and 34: Creation of Embrapa Agroenergy The
Page 35 and 36: International Biofuel Market Ethano
Page 37 and 38: The purpose of these actions is to
Page 39 and 40: Supplying lines of credit adequate
Page 42 and 43: Annex 1 Current Energy Scenario and
Page 44 and 45: Figure1. International price of the
Page 46 and 47: Furthermore, the actual possibiliti
Page 48 and 49: This scenario of increasing scarcit
Page 50 and 51: produce approximately 4,500 EJ2 of
Page 52 and 53: Figure. 4. Area of expansion of ene
Page 54 and 55: The considerable variations in CO c
Page 56 and 57: • The growing energy demand and t
Page 58 and 59: Energy supply and demand scenarios
Page 60 and 61: The most promising of all fossil so
Page 62: Table 9. Evolution of biomass costs
Page 65 and 66: Agroenergy Production Chains The ag
Page 67 and 68: Alcohol is used mixed with gasoline
Page 69 and 70: Consequently, alcohol fueled more t
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in the sugar & alcohol production c
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uncertainties still remain: the cor
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medium-size farmers by favoring sug
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possibility of increasing their ove
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in Brazil's share of the internatio
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it would be necessary to set up at
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those biodiesel plants has been app
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Table 11. Characteristics of oleagi
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until the 17th year, in a productiv
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Using agricultural zoning Embrapa h
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A useful reference is an Abiove stu
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Production and productivity indicat
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the charcoal for the steel industry
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The anaerobic digestion process (bi
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The average electric power consumpt
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sizable proportion of the residue i
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Figure 14. Atmospheric carbon dioxi
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carbon from a CDM project varies fr
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Emission Reduction), a differentiat
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• Direct substitution of fossil f
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SCHERER, E. E.; AITA, C.; BALDISSER
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DOHANYOS, M.; KOSOVA, B.; ZABRANSKA
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ROBIN, P.; SOULOUMIAC, D.; OLIVEIRA
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Printing and finishing Embrapa Publ
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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