Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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Livestock and Supply should put together a program that meets the bioenergy needs of the country. The government effort meets the expectations of society and the demands of its clients and complies with the public policies regarding energy, with strategic implications in the political, social, environmental, commercial, agricultural, industrial, and supply areas. For the purpose of this plan, agroenergy is made up of four main groups: ethanol and energy cogeneration from sugarcane; biodiesel from animal and plant sources of fats); forest biomass and residues; and agricultural and agroindustrial residues and wastes. Energy forests yield various forms of energy, such as firewood, charcoal, briquettes, fines (small-diameter carbon fragments), and black liquor. The anaerobic digestion of organic matter produces biogas. Biodiesel can be obtained from plant oils, animal fats, or agro-industrial residues. Although ethanol can be obtained from other sources, sugarcane alcohol is unbeatable in terms of competitiveness. And agricultural and agro-industrial residues, as well as wastes from these processes, can be transformed into different secondary forms of energy, such as briquettes, biogas, biodiesel, etc. (Figure 1). Figure 1. Agroenergy matrix. RD&I should focus on raw-material technology development and process improvement (Figure 2). In either case, the vision of the final agroenergy form (heat, biofuel, or electricity) must be clearly defined in order to ensure raw material productivity and process competitiveness. 13
Figure 2. Agroenergy production chain. The Plan directs the course of the strategic actions of the federal government as regards its overall policy, as set forth in the document Agroenergy Policy Guidelines. Its primary purpose is to provide the bearings for the efforts of Brazilian science, technology and innovation organizations, namely, projects that could be enhanced to provide, maintain, or increase the competitiveness and sustainability of the production chains linked to agroenergy. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply shall directly coordinate all efforts. The creation of Embrapa Agroenergy, additional public/private partnerships and the organization of a consortium shall add a more dynamic dimension to the process. Other actions shall be undertaken with the participation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply and the coordination of other agencies of the federal government, in addition to actions in the international markets. The two annexes - Current Energy Scenario and Agroenergy Production Chains – were essential tools in the definition of the Agroenergy Policy Guidelines and in the conceptualization and design of the National Agroenergy Plan. 14
Page 1 and 2: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock
Page 3 and 4: Translated from the 2nd revised edi
Page 6: Contents Executive Summary ........
Page 9 and 10: the possibility of earmarking new l
Page 11 and 12: systems and the quality of life. Th
Page 13: solar radiation and plentiful manpo
Page 17 and 18: a) Achieving sustainability of the
Page 19 and 20: • Funding sources. The RD&I activ
Page 21 and 22: Cross sectional actions There are d
Page 23 and 24: • Developing technologies to add
Page 25 and 26: of the systems and replacing fossil
Page 27 and 28: • Improving the biodiesel quality
Page 29 and 30: Biogas • Developing and evaluatin
Page 31 and 32: Institutional Partnerships in Agroe
Page 33 and 34: Creation of Embrapa Agroenergy The
Page 35 and 36: International Biofuel Market Ethano
Page 37 and 38: The purpose of these actions is to
Page 39 and 40: Supplying lines of credit adequate
Page 42 and 43: Annex 1 Current Energy Scenario and
Page 44 and 45: Figure1. International price of the
Page 46 and 47: Furthermore, the actual possibiliti
Page 48 and 49: This scenario of increasing scarcit
Page 50 and 51: produce approximately 4,500 EJ2 of
Page 52 and 53: Figure. 4. Area of expansion of ene
Page 54 and 55: The considerable variations in CO c
Page 56 and 57: • The growing energy demand and t
Page 58 and 59: Energy supply and demand scenarios
Page 60 and 61: The most promising of all fossil so
Page 62: Table 9. Evolution of biomass costs
Page 65 and 66:
Agroenergy Production Chains The ag
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Alcohol is used mixed with gasoline
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Consequently, alcohol fueled more t
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in the sugar & alcohol production c
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uncertainties still remain: the cor
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medium-size farmers by favoring sug
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possibility of increasing their ove
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in Brazil's share of the internatio
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it would be necessary to set up at
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those biodiesel plants has been app
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Table 11. Characteristics of oleagi
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until the 17th year, in a productiv
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Using agricultural zoning Embrapa h
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A useful reference is an Abiove stu
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Production and productivity indicat
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the charcoal for the steel industry
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The anaerobic digestion process (bi
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The average electric power consumpt
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sizable proportion of the residue i
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Figure 14. Atmospheric carbon dioxi
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carbon from a CDM project varies fr
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Emission Reduction), a differentiat
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• Direct substitution of fossil f
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SCHERER, E. E.; AITA, C.; BALDISSER
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DOHANYOS, M.; KOSOVA, B.; ZABRANSKA
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ROBIN, P.; SOULOUMIAC, D.; OLIVEIRA
Page 117 and 118:
Printing and finishing Embrapa Publ
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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