Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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Fig. 8. Agroenergy production chain as the focus of an RD&I program. Fuel alcohol Brazil's ethanol production technology is the most advanced in the world; the country has also made great strides in the use of ethanol as fuel. The USA's is second most advanced, followed by that of Argentina and other countries. The world ethanol production is almost 40-billion liters, of which 25-billion liters are used for energy purposes; Brazil manufactures 15-billion liters (Figure 9), or almost 40% of the world production. 65 Figure 9. World fuel alcohol production.
Alcohol is used mixed with gasoline in the following countries: Brazil, the USA, the EU, Mexico, India, Argentina, Colombia, and more recently Japan. Only in Brazil is alcohol used as a fuel. In Brazil, in the 1980s and 1990s, technological innovations, modern business practices and scale gains - made possible by the Pro-alcohol Program (Proálcool) combined to draw a learning curve that resulted in reduced alcohol production costs and prices compatible with those of gasoline (Figure 10). Alcohol can be obtained from several biomass sources. To date, however, the most viable has proven to be sugarcane. Large investments are being made to enable alcohol production from cellulose, and it is estimated that the USA could obtain close to 30-billion liters of alcohol from this source by 2020. It will be necessary to invest heavily in RD&I, especially in the hydrolysis of cellulose. To avoid a competitiveness shock, Brazil must invest in the same line of research, whose potential is extremely promising. Enormous environmental benefits are associated with the use of alcohol: CO 2 emissions would be reduced by almost 2.3 tons per ton of fuel alcohol used instead of fossil fuels, not counting other emissions, such as SO 2 . Figure 10. Learning curve of the sugarcane ethanol price. Source: Goldemberg, J. Seminário BNDES sobre Competitividade do etanol brasileiro, 2003. 66
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock
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Translated from the 2nd revised edi
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Contents Executive Summary ........
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the possibility of earmarking new l
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systems and the quality of life. Th
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solar radiation and plentiful manpo
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2. Agroenergy production cha
Page 17 and 18: a) Achieving sustainability of the
Page 19 and 20: • Funding sources. The RD&I activ
Page 21 and 22: Cross sectional actions There are d
Page 23 and 24: • Developing technologies to add
Page 25 and 26: of the systems and replacing fossil
Page 27 and 28: • Improving the biodiesel quality
Page 29 and 30: Biogas • Developing and evaluatin
Page 31 and 32: Institutional Partnerships in Agroe
Page 33 and 34: Creation of Embrapa Agroenergy The
Page 35 and 36: International Biofuel Market Ethano
Page 37 and 38: The purpose of these actions is to
Page 39 and 40: Supplying lines of credit adequate
Page 42 and 43: Annex 1 Current Energy Scenario and
Page 44 and 45: Figure1. International price of the
Page 46 and 47: Furthermore, the actual possibiliti
Page 48 and 49: This scenario of increasing scarcit
Page 50 and 51: produce approximately 4,500 EJ2 of
Page 52 and 53: Figure. 4. Area of expansion of ene
Page 54 and 55: The considerable variations in CO c
Page 56 and 57: • The growing energy demand and t
Page 58 and 59: Energy supply and demand scenarios
Page 60 and 61: The most promising of all fossil so
Page 62: Table 9. Evolution of biomass costs
Page 65: Agroenergy Production Chains The ag
Page 69 and 70: Consequently, alcohol fueled more t
Page 71 and 72: in the sugar & alcohol production c
Page 73 and 74: uncertainties still remain: the cor
Page 75 and 76: medium-size farmers by favoring sug
Page 77 and 78: possibility of increasing their ove
Page 79 and 80: in Brazil's share of the internatio
Page 81 and 82: it would be necessary to set up at
Page 83 and 84: those biodiesel plants has been app
Page 85 and 86: Table 11. Characteristics of oleagi
Page 87 and 88: until the 17th year, in a productiv
Page 89 and 90: Using agricultural zoning Embrapa h
Page 91 and 92: A useful reference is an Abiove stu
Page 93 and 94: Production and productivity indicat
Page 95 and 96: the charcoal for the steel industry
Page 97 and 98: The anaerobic digestion process (bi
Page 99 and 100: The average electric power consumpt
Page 101 and 102: sizable proportion of the residue i
Page 103 and 104: Figure 14. Atmospheric carbon dioxi
Page 105 and 106: carbon from a CDM project varies fr
Page 107 and 108: Emission Reduction), a differentiat
Page 109 and 110: • Direct substitution of fossil f
Page 111 and 112: SCHERER, E. E.; AITA, C.; BALDISSER
Page 113 and 114: DOHANYOS, M.; KOSOVA, B.; ZABRANSKA
Page 115 and 116: ROBIN, P.; SOULOUMIAC, D.; OLIVEIRA
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Printing and finishing Embrapa Publ
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Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply - Embrapa

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