Khawaja Zaheer Ahmed - PDMA

the river for its supplies. It follows that inundation canals
only run when the supply in the river rises to a level which
permits of feeding the canals.
Irrigation The artificial applications of water to arid land for the
purpose of growing crops.
Kharif Summer crops.
Loop Bund When there are tow lines of defence, the subsequently
constructed bund line on the rear or land side is generally,
called the Loop Bund and the first line is called the Front
Bund. If the first line of defence is eroded or abandoned
the Loop Bund may become the Front Bund; vice versa, if
another line of defence is constructed on the river side, the
Front Bund becomes the Loop Bund.
Marginal bund An embankment constructed along the river at a short
distance from the margin with the object of preventing
inundation of the area behind the embankment.
Overtopping River water running over the top and washing out a portion
or whole of the bund.
Piping The flow of water under or around a structure built on
permeable foundations, which if not prevented or stopped
will remove material from beneath the structure and cause
it to fail. The erosion of sub-soil high velocities of flow of
water through it, when such velocities exceed a certain
limit, is also referred to as ‘piping’. .
Pitching Stone, brick, brushwood, or mattress (i.e., composite
brushwood and earth), or other similar materials, placed
on earth surfaces for their protection against the action of
flowing water. Also known as “Riprap”.
Precipitation The total measurable supply of water received directly
from clouds, as rains, snow and hail, usually expressed as
depth in inches/ centimeters in a day, month or year, and
designated as daily, monthly or annual precipitation.
Rabi Winter crops.
Reach A comparatively short length of a stream or channel.
Regulation The process of distribution of supplies available in a river
between different canals taking off it or between channels
on a canal.
Regulator A structure through which the discharge may be varied at
will, also applied to structure provided with means of
varying the water surface level above it.
Riparian Of, relating to, or situated on the banks of a river
Rod Kohi Hill torrents.
Silt 1) Water-borne sediment. The term is generally confined
to fine earth, sand, or mud, but is sometimes broadened to
include all material carried, including both suspended and
bed load;
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