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The Alchemy Key.pdf - Veritas File System

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Israelite principle of ultimogeniture observed by the Scots. At issue was<br />

whether the son (Robert Bruce) of a younger daughter had a better right to<br />

the kingship of Scotland than the grandson (John Balliol) of an elder<br />

daughter. <strong>The</strong> Scotts called Robert Bruce of Annandale <strong>The</strong> Competitor.<br />

Eighty Scottish assessors, appointed equally by Robert Bruce of<br />

Annandale and John Balliol, failed to resolve the matter and it was turned<br />

over to Edward I.<br />

Edward I’s judges upheld English usage on succession,<br />

primogeniture, that the issue of an elder line must become exhausted<br />

before succession could pass to that of a younger line. After his loss,<br />

Robert Bruce pursued his second option, which was to split Scotland into<br />

its three original components of Lothian, Alban and Strathclyde and<br />

award these to the representatives of the three co-heiresses. He again lost<br />

the argument. Edward I’s judges decided the kingdom of Scotland was<br />

indivisible and impartiable. In this decision, however, Edward I<br />

unwittingly established the basis of Scotland’s future independence.<br />

We can clearly see Shakespeare’s King Lear reflected in Robert<br />

Bruce’s dilemma. He was eighty-one years old. Having been the<br />

nominated king and now all-but lost his kingdom due to Edward I’s legal<br />

ruling and his advanced age: would he seek to split the kingdom between<br />

the daughters, with the youngest one (his own line) receiving the choicest<br />

piece, or would he see the kingdom go in whole to a younger king? He<br />

endeavored to split the kingdom but as with Shakespeare’s King Lear,<br />

Robert Bruce <strong>The</strong> Competitor lost all. He died in 1294 but the Scots<br />

crowned his grandson Robert the Bruce king in 1306 and sixty five years<br />

later, in 1371, his great-great grandson Robert II, became the first Alanic<br />

Stuart king.<br />

Perhaps even more topical for the Elizabethans of Shakespeare’s<br />

time was the political folly of splitting the mighty kingdom of France.<br />

Jean le Bon, John the Good, in an acute lack of wisdom, divided the<br />

kingdom of France between the three younger brothers of the Dauphin<br />

Charles V, the Dukes of Berry, Anjou and Burgundy. Indeed, this<br />

division led to England winning the Hundred Year’s War (1337-1453)<br />

after the Duke of Burgundy sided with England to protect his lucrative<br />

Netherlands wool trade.<br />

<strong>The</strong>re is no more compelling elaboration of Shakespeare’s<br />

brilliant dimensions – legal and esoteric - than his play King Lear. We<br />

have seen the legal dimension and now we turn to the esoteric.<br />

236

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