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Chapter 5 Anatolian Commagene & Israelites
The Commagene is a region of intense historical intrigue in
today’s Turkey. It lies on the upper Euphrates, in the centre of a
prosperous Bronze Age area famous for metalworking. It is here that
wool and flax production began ten thousand years ago and copper
smelting a thousand years later. 166 In 5400BCE, inhabitants of the nearby
Zagros Mountains of Northern Iran first produced wine.
Mt Ararat and Kurdistan border the Commagene in the east.
Colchis, sorceress Medea's country and the land of initiation, bounds the
Commagene in the north. Her rivers ran with gold. Her hero, Jason,
captured the mythical Golden Fleece.
Four great rivers flow from the flat alluvial plateau of the
Commagene. These are the Tigris, Euphrates, Murat and Araks. The
Tigris and Euphrates flow south to the Persian Gulf, the Murat River
flows into the Euphrates and the Araks River flows to the Caspian Sea.
The Biblical Eden has four similar rivers, the Pishon, Gihon, Hiddekel
and Euphrates. 167
Commagene temple worship dates back to very ancient times. In
1996, a Heidelberg University team discovered a temple and village
dating from one thousand BCE in the Sanli-Urfa region of the Harran
Plain. It is perhaps the richest of all similar villages noted in world
archaeological literature.
The people of the Harran Plain used to go to this temple every
spring for religious ceremonies. The excavations have so far revealed a
sculptured lion, seven steles, three statues of people and flooring
consisting of four layers of mosaics. Excavation of the site will take two
decades.
The Commagene became known as Kutmuhi in Assyrian times
from 1300BCE to 612BCE. After this, the Commagene passed into
Persian control. It later became an important part of the Silk Road
because of its natural access to Asia Minor, Uzbekistan, Bukhara and the
Steppes of Russia.
The region effectively remained outside the Roman Empire until
67CE and this allowed it to retain a number of Indo-Hittite star cults
involving Magi. The most well know of these was the Royal Cult of the
Kings of Commagene. 168
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