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168 English name Tok Pisin Scientific name Page Coconut Kokonat Cocos nucifera 169 Betel nut Buai Areca catechu 172 Highlands betel nut Kambibi Areca macrocalyx 174 Areca guppyana 175 Areca jobiensis 176 Arenga palm Arenga microcarpa 177 Peach palm Bactris gasipaes 178 Palmyra palm Borassus flabellifer 180 Palmyra like palm Borassus heineana 181 Papua white rattan Calamus hollrungii 182 Fishtail palm Caryota rumphiana var. papuana 183 Corypha palm Corypha utan 184 Oil palm Elaeis guineensis 185 Gronophyllum chaunostachys 187 Gulubia cylindrocarpa 188 Minor walking stick Linospadix minor 189 palm Fan palm Livistona benthamii 190 Dwarf fan palm Livistona muelleri 191 Black palm Normanbya normanbyi 192 Date palm Phoenix dactylifera 193 Solitaire palm Ptychosperma elegans 194 Grey cane palm Ptychosperma macarthurii 195 Traveller’s palm Ravenala madagascariensis 196 Cuban royal palm Roystonea regia 197 Claudie River Lawyer vine Calamus warburgii 198
169 Names English: Coconut Scientific name: Cocos nucifera L. Tok pisin: Kokonat Synonyms: Tok ples: Plant family: Arecaceae Description: A palm with an unbranched trunk. The trunk has ring-like leaf scars along it. At the base it is swollen and surrounded by a mass of roots. They grow to about 25 m tall. The fronds are 2-6 m long. They are divided along the stalk into strap shaped leaflets. The leaflets are 60-90 cm long. They are narrow and tapering. Clusters of large fruit develop beneath the fronds. Male and female flowers are separate on the one stalk. Female flowers are near the base. Flowers are cream. The flowers are covered by boat shaped bracts. About 10-12 fruit/stalk is a good crop. Leaves are up to 5 m long. Fruit can be 25 cm across. The fruit are fibrous. The hard shell inside is filled with coconut milk and the white copra layer. Distribution: Mainly in coastal areas but occasionally up to 1000 m in the tropics. Temperatures of 27°-32°C are best. They need a minimum temperature of over 18°C to bear fruit. They need over 1000 mm of rain/year preferably 1500 mm. Soils need to be well drained. It requires plenty of sunlight. It is salt tolerant. In Nepal plants grow to 500 m altitude. Coconuts are normally confined to within 26° of the equator. It suits hardiness zones 12. Cultivation: Selected nuts are sprouted in a nursery, then planted out. Seedlings are ready for transplanting when they have 3-4 leaves (about 1 year). The nut should be planted in a hole 0.6 x 0.6 m. A spacing of about 7-8 m is suitable. Temperatures need to be above 15°C for nuts to germinate. Production: Early germinating nuts, give early production in the field. They can commence production after 6-8 years. The best yeilds are often produced between 12 and 60 years of age. Trees can live for 100 years. Palms can produce 15-30 nuts per year. Fruit take about 1 year to be mature. Tapping the flower stalk can give 1 kg sap/day for 6 months. Use: The liquid of fresh nuts is drunk. The flesh is eaten, and the "apple" in sprouting nuts is eaten. The flesh is grated and used in cooking as "coconut" milk. The young shoots at the top of the palm can be eaten. The sap from the flower stalk can be tapped for the sugary juice. <strong>Food</strong> Value: Per 100 g edible portion Edible Moisture Energy Protein Calcium Iron proVit A proVit C Zinc part % KJ g mg mg µg mg mg Flesh 80.9 119 1.1 0.2 0.2 Milk Shoots Sap 84.9 1004 3.7 1.3 8 0.4
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Food plants of Papua New Guinea A c
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4 Dedication This book is dedicated
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Root and tuber crops and starchy st
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10 Insects: Achaea janata (Linnaeus
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12 Names English: Taro Scientific n
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14 Names English: Chinese taro Scie
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16 Names English: Swamp taro Scient
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18 Insects: Aspidiella sacchari (Co
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20 Use: The corm is cooked and eate
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22 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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Insects: Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (
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26 Names English: Lesser yam Scient
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28 Names English: Potato yam Scient
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30 Names English: Five leaflet yam
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32 Names English: White yam, White
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34 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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36 Henosepilachna haemorrhoea (Biel
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38 Names English: Yam bean Scientif
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40 Names English: Jerusalem articho
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42 Names English: Anu, Peruvian nas
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44 Names English: Banana, Plantain
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46 Names English: Sago Scientific n
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48 Names English: Solomon’s sago
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51 Names English: Peanut Scientific
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53 Names English: Winged bean Scien
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55 Spodoptera litura Fab. Noctuidae
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57 Names English: Yard long bean, S
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59 Names English: Cowpea Scientific
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61 Names English: Pigeon pea, Dhal
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63 Names English: Soybean Scientifi
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65 Names English: Lima bean Scienti
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67 Cassena intermedia Jac. Chrysome
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69 Lamprosema indica F. Pyralidae (
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71 Names English: Sword bean Scient
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73 Aulacophora similis Olivier Chry
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75 Names English: Rice bean Scienti
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77 Names English: Velvet bean Scien
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79 Names English: D'Albertis creepe
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81 Names English: Guar bean Scienti
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Green leafy vegetables or Kumus 84
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86 Insects: Cletus sp. Colobathrist
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88 Names English: Grain Amaranth, Q
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90 Names English: Spleen amaranth S
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92 Names English: Native Amaranth S
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94 Names English: Scientific name:
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96 Names English: Spinach Joint fir
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Names English: Water drop wort Scie
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100 Names English: Blackberried nig
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104 Names English: Highlands kapiak
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106 Names English: Dye fig Scientif
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Page 114 and 115:
114 Names English: Watercress Scien
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116 Names English: Waterleaf Scient
Page 118 and 119: 118 Names English: Sweet leaf Scien
Page 120 and 121: 120 Names English: Leucaena Scienti
Page 122 and 123: 122 Names English: Hibiscus Scienti
Page 124 and 125: 124 Names English: Wandering Jew Sc
Page 126 and 127: 126 Names English: Indian coral tre
Page 128 and 129: 128 Names English: Scientific name:
Page 130 and 131: 130 Names English: Purslane, Pigwee
Page 132 and 133: 132 Names English: Striped cucumber
Page 134 and 135: Edible ferns 134 English name Tok P
Page 136 and 137: 136 Names English: Fern Scientific
Page 138 and 139: 138 Names English: Tree fern Scient
Page 144 and 145: 144 Names English: Climbing swamp f
Page 146 and 147: 146 Names English: Giant Creek Fern
Page 148 and 149: 148 Names English: Ladder fern Scie
Page 150 and 151: 150 Names English: Hairy Sword Fern
Page 152 and 153: 152 Names English: King fern, Giant
Page 154 and 155: 154 Names English: Bird’s Nest Fe
Page 156 and 157: 156 Names English: Adder’s Tongue
Page 158 and 159: 158 Names English: Parsley fern, Au
Page 160 and 161: 160 Names English: Swamp fern, Wate
Page 162 and 163: 162 Names English: Fern Scientific
Page 164 and 165: 164 Names English: Climbing maidenh
Page 166 and 167: 166
Page 170 and 171: 170 Insects: Agapophyta bipunctata
Page 172 and 173: 172 Names English: Betel nut Scient
Page 174 and 175: 174 Names English: Highland Betel n
Page 178 and 179: 178 Names English: Pejibaye, Peach
Page 180 and 181: 180 Names English: Wine palm, Palmy
Page 182 and 183: 182 Names English: Papuan white rat
Page 184 and 185: 184 Names English: Corypha palm Sci
Page 186 and 187: 186 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
Page 190 and 191: 190 Names English: Fan palm Scienti
Page 192 and 193: 192 Names English: Black Palm Scien
Page 194 and 195: 194 Names English: Solitaire palm,
Page 196 and 197: 196 Names English: Traveller's palm
Page 198 and 199: 198 Names English: Claudie River La
Page 200 and 201: Vegetables 200 English name Tok Pis
Page 202 and 203: 202 Parastasia guttulata Fairmaire
Page 204 and 205: Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
Page 206 and 207: 206 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
Page 208 and 209: 208 Names English: Snake gourd Scie
Page 212 and 213: 212 Insects: Amblypelta lutescens p
Page 214 and 215: 214 Names English: Pumpkin, Winter
Page 216 and 217: 216 Names English: Cucumber Scienti
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218 Names English: Marrow, Pumpkin
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220 Names English: Bottle gourd Sci
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222 Names English: Smooth loofah Sc
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224 Names English: Bitter cucumber
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226 Names English: Spiny bitter cuc
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228 Names English: Bok-choy Celery
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230 Names English: Kohl rabi Scient
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232 Names English: Broccoli Scienti
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234 Names English: Chinese kale Sci
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236 Names English: Bai cai, Petsai
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238 Names English: Chinese radish S
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240 Names English: Bulb onion Scien
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242 Names English: Chives Scientifi
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244 Names English: Leek Scientific
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246 Names English: Celery Scientifi
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248 Names English: Asparagus Scient
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250 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Alte
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252 Names English: Pea eggplant Sci
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254 And Thanatephorus cucumeris Bro
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256 Names English: Lettuce Scientif
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Minor and less common vegetables 25
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260 Names English: Parsley Scientif
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262 Names English: New Guinea Edibl
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264 Names English: Giant bamboo Sci
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266 Names English: Endive Scientifi
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268 Names English: Common bamboo Sc
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270 Names English: Buckwheat Scient
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272 Names English: Sunflower Scient
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Grains and cereals 274 English name
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276 Chilo suppressalis (Walker) Pyr
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278 Names English: Wild rice Scient
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280 Names English: Wheat Scientific
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282 Names English: Job’s tears Sc
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Waterlilies 284 English name Tok Pi
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286 Names English: Giant waterlily,
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288 Names English: Waterlily Scient
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290 Names English: Blue Water lily
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292 Nuts English name Tok Pisin Sci
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294 stored in sealed containers for
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302 Names English: Melville Island
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308 Names English: Breadfruit Scien
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310 Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) C
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312 Production: Jackfruit is a fast
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314
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316 cooked and eaten and the two ha
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324 Names English: Java almond, Tro
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332 Names English: Macadamia nut Sc
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334 Names English: Polynesian chest
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336 Names English: Nypa palm Scient
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338 Names English: Cape nutmeg Scie
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342 Names English: Queensland almon
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344 Names English: Arnhem Land quan
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346 Names English: Castanopsis ches
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348 Dysmicoccus nesophilus Williams
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Minor and introduced nuts 350 Engli
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The apple is used to make alcoholic
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354 Names English: Fragrant screwpi
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356 Names English: Pecan Scientific
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358 Names English: Walnut Scientifi
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360 Names English: Pistachio nut Sc
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362 Names English: Java olive Scien
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366
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368 Fruit and other often sweet foo
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370 Leaf eating insects Anomala com
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372 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
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374 Names English: Pineapple Scient
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378 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Cerc
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Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
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386 Names English: Cherimoya Scient
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388 Names English: Atemoya, Custard
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390 Graphium agamemnon L. Papilioni
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392 Names English: Sweetsop Scienti
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394 Names English: Pacific lychee S
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396 Ceroplastes destructor Newstead
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400 Names English: Golden apple, Sc
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West Indian lime Citrus aurantifoli
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408 Names English: Lime, West India
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410 Names English: Orange, Sweet or
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412 Names English: Citron Scientifi
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414 Names English: Wild lime Scient
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416 Names English: Clymenia Scienti
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Page 420 and 421:
420 Names English: Tree tomato, Tam
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422 Names English: Naranjilla Scien
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424 Names English: Surinam cherry S
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426 Names English: Watery rose appl
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428 Names English: Java apple Scien
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430 Names English: Pink satinash Sc
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432 Fruit (Continued) English name
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434 Names English: White apple Scie
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436 Names English: Lady apple, Red
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438 Names English: Governor’s plu
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440 Names English: Coffee plum Scie
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442 Names English: Red raspberry Sc
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444 Names English: Molucca bramble
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446 Names English: Rose-leaf brambl
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448 Names English: Alpine strawberr
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450 Names English: Purple passionfr
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452 Names English: Banana passionfr
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454 Names English: Sweet granadilla
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456 Names English: Granadilla Scien
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458 Names English: Toothed-leaved w
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460 Names English: Canistel, Yellow
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462 Names English: Peach Scientific
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464 Names English: Durian Scientifi
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466 Names English: Mangosteen Scien
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468 Names English: Warren’s mango
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Page 472 and 473:
472 Names English: Loquat Scientifi
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474 Production: Seeds germinate aft
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476 Names English: Horse mango Scie
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480 Names English: European grape S
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482 Names English: Salak, Snake fru
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484 Names English: Santol Scientifi
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486 Names English: Rambutan Scienti
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488 Names English: Panama berry Sci
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490 Names English: Mulberry Scienti
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492 Names English: Indian mulberry
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494 Names English: Garraway lime Sc
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496 Names English: Fei banana Scien
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498 Names English: Sapodilla Scient
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500 Names English: Litchi, Lychee S
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502 Names English: Langsat Scientif
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504 Names English: Garuga Scientifi
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506 Names English: Fig Scientific n
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508 Names English: Velvet apple Sci
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510 Names English: Longan Scientifi
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512 Names English: Red beach, Golde
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514 Names English: Black currant tr
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516 Names English: Chinese laurel S
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518 Names English: Broad leafed lil
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520 Names English: Pineapple guava,
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522 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
Page 524 and 525:
524 Names English: Oregano Scientif
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526 Names English: Spearmint Scient
Page 528 and 529:
528 Names English: Dill Scientific
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530 Names English: Chilli, Bird's e
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532 Names English: Perilla Scientif
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534 Names English: Native cardamon
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536 Names English: Coriander Scient
Page 538 and 539:
538 Names English: Lemon balm Scien
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540 Names English: Queensland Nutme
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542 Names English: Tamarind Scienti
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544 Names English: Betel pepper Sci
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546 Names English: Thyme Scientific
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548 Names English: Ginger Scientifi
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550 Names English: Wild ginger Scie
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552 Scientific name Page Asplenium
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554 Scientific name Page Deeringia
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556 Scientific name Page Manihot es
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558 Scientific name Page Psidium gu
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560 English name Page Adder’s ton
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562 European chestnut 353 European
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564 Oca 41 Oil palm 185 Okra 247 Ol
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566 Sweetsop 392 Sword bean 71 Tama
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Pao 307 Pao 305 Paragum 17 Peteta 3
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