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400 Names English: Golden apple, Scientific name: Spondias cytherea Sonnerat Tok pisin: Synonyms: Spondias dulcis Soland. ex Forst.f. Tok ples: Plant family: Anacardiaceae Description: Often a Golden apple tree grows to a large tree which can be up to 30 m high but is more often 15 m high in cultivation. It has a trunk 60 cm across which can have buttresses. The bark on the trunk of the tree is fairly smooth. The twigs break off easily. The wood is soft and not much use. The leaf is made up of 4 to 12 pairs of leaflets which have fine teeth around the edge. The leaves are 20-30 cm long. The leaves are smooth and dark green on top and pale green underneath. The leaves are alternate. The leaves of the tree fall off for a part of the year. The old leaves wither to a bright yellow colour. The flowers are produced near the ends of the branches and mostly the flowers develop before the new young leaves grow. The flowers occur as several flowers on long stalks. The flower panicle is 15 to 30 cm long. The flowers are small and white. They look something like a mango flower. The fruit is yellow, oval and up to 7cm long and 4cm across. Sometimes the outside of the fruit has a mottled black colour. There is one large stone inside divided into 5 cells with a seed in each. The stone is branched and has fibres. Distribution: It is a tropical plant. They occur in well drained soils or in dry forests. It occurs in the lowland rainforest and in valleys up to about 950 m altitude in the equatorial tropics. They suit warm tropical and subtropical climates and are frost tender. Flowering is normally during the dry season. This may be important for fruit set. The trees also grow in Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and a number of other Pacific countries. It has also been taken to other tropical countries. This species covers a full range from being a wild unutilised tree in some areas to a planted, pruned and highly regarded village fruit tree in other areas. It is better suited to deeper alluvial soils and rarely occurs on limestone with a thin clay soil cover. Trees often grow as a pioneer tree on landslides. The wild trees are probably spread around by birds, pigs and people Cultivation: Trees are mostly grown from seed and often grows wild. Flowers are bisexual and there are no apparent pollination problems. The seeds do not produce true to type so that poor and sour fruit are often produced. Seed normally germinate within one month. It is possible to grow plants from cuttings although it is difficult. Large cuttings should be used. Doing this would enable better types of fruit to be regrown. It can also be grown using budding. Seedling trees are larger and more vigorous than budded or grafted trees. Tree spacing varies from 7.5 m to 12 m. Young trees benefit by shade during their first year. The top can be cut off trees to give a lower and more spreading tree. Large cuttings can be used with difficulty. Trees can be topped to give a lower tree with spreading branches. Production: Trees may bear from 4-5 years old from seed. Cuttings take 2-3 years. Fruiting occurs seasonally from Jan. to April in the southern hemisphere. Use: Fruit are eaten after peeling. They are eaten raw or pickled. Leaves are edible raw or cooked.
401 The kernel of the seed may be edible. (Some fruit are poor size and very sour.) The fruit are also used for sweet drinks and made into jams and chutneys. <strong>Food</strong> Value: Per 100 g edible portion Edible part Moisture % Energy KJ Protein g Fruit 70.0 657 0.6 Leaves Calcium mg Iron mg proVit A µg Insects: Often has leaves eaten by caterpillars. Leaves are also attacked by a beetle Aspidiotus destructor Sign. Diaspididae (HEM) Coconut scale Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) Diaspididae (HEM) Armoured scale Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell) Diaspididae (HEM) Armoured scale Icerya seychellarum (Westwood) Margarodidae (HEM) Planococcus pacificus Cox Pseudococcidae (HEM) Mealy bug Diseases: Pests: proVit C mg Importance: Moderately common in lowland rainforests in Papua New Guinea and also grown in villages. Fruit quality varies. It is common and popular in Vietnam. Zinc mg
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Food plants of Papua New Guinea A c
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4 Dedication This book is dedicated
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Root and tuber crops and starchy st
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10 Insects: Achaea janata (Linnaeus
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12 Names English: Taro Scientific n
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14 Names English: Chinese taro Scie
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16 Names English: Swamp taro Scient
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18 Insects: Aspidiella sacchari (Co
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20 Use: The corm is cooked and eate
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22 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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Insects: Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (
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26 Names English: Lesser yam Scient
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28 Names English: Potato yam Scient
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30 Names English: Five leaflet yam
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32 Names English: White yam, White
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34 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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36 Henosepilachna haemorrhoea (Biel
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38 Names English: Yam bean Scientif
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40 Names English: Jerusalem articho
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42 Names English: Anu, Peruvian nas
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44 Names English: Banana, Plantain
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46 Names English: Sago Scientific n
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48 Names English: Solomon’s sago
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51 Names English: Peanut Scientific
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53 Names English: Winged bean Scien
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55 Spodoptera litura Fab. Noctuidae
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57 Names English: Yard long bean, S
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59 Names English: Cowpea Scientific
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61 Names English: Pigeon pea, Dhal
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63 Names English: Soybean Scientifi
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65 Names English: Lima bean Scienti
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67 Cassena intermedia Jac. Chrysome
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69 Lamprosema indica F. Pyralidae (
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71 Names English: Sword bean Scient
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73 Aulacophora similis Olivier Chry
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75 Names English: Rice bean Scienti
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77 Names English: Velvet bean Scien
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79 Names English: D'Albertis creepe
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81 Names English: Guar bean Scienti
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Green leafy vegetables or Kumus 84
Page 86 and 87:
86 Insects: Cletus sp. Colobathrist
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88 Names English: Grain Amaranth, Q
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90 Names English: Spleen amaranth S
Page 92 and 93:
92 Names English: Native Amaranth S
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94 Names English: Scientific name:
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96 Names English: Spinach Joint fir
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Names English: Water drop wort Scie
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100 Names English: Blackberried nig
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Page 104 and 105:
104 Names English: Highlands kapiak
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106 Names English: Dye fig Scientif
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Page 114 and 115:
114 Names English: Watercress Scien
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116 Names English: Waterleaf Scient
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118 Names English: Sweet leaf Scien
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120 Names English: Leucaena Scienti
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122 Names English: Hibiscus Scienti
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124 Names English: Wandering Jew Sc
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126 Names English: Indian coral tre
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Page 130 and 131:
130 Names English: Purslane, Pigwee
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132 Names English: Striped cucumber
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Edible ferns 134 English name Tok P
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136 Names English: Fern Scientific
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138 Names English: Tree fern Scient
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Page 144 and 145:
144 Names English: Climbing swamp f
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146 Names English: Giant Creek Fern
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148 Names English: Ladder fern Scie
Page 150 and 151:
150 Names English: Hairy Sword Fern
Page 152 and 153:
152 Names English: King fern, Giant
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154 Names English: Bird’s Nest Fe
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156 Names English: Adder’s Tongue
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158 Names English: Parsley fern, Au
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160 Names English: Swamp fern, Wate
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162 Names English: Fern Scientific
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164 Names English: Climbing maidenh
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166
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168 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
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170 Insects: Agapophyta bipunctata
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172 Names English: Betel nut Scient
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174 Names English: Highland Betel n
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Page 178 and 179:
178 Names English: Pejibaye, Peach
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180 Names English: Wine palm, Palmy
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182 Names English: Papuan white rat
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184 Names English: Corypha palm Sci
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186 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
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Page 190 and 191:
190 Names English: Fan palm Scienti
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192 Names English: Black Palm Scien
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194 Names English: Solitaire palm,
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196 Names English: Traveller's palm
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198 Names English: Claudie River La
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Vegetables 200 English name Tok Pis
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202 Parastasia guttulata Fairmaire
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Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
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206 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
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208 Names English: Snake gourd Scie
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Page 212 and 213:
212 Insects: Amblypelta lutescens p
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214 Names English: Pumpkin, Winter
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216 Names English: Cucumber Scienti
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218 Names English: Marrow, Pumpkin
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220 Names English: Bottle gourd Sci
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222 Names English: Smooth loofah Sc
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224 Names English: Bitter cucumber
Page 226 and 227:
226 Names English: Spiny bitter cuc
Page 228 and 229:
228 Names English: Bok-choy Celery
Page 230 and 231:
230 Names English: Kohl rabi Scient
Page 232 and 233:
232 Names English: Broccoli Scienti
Page 234 and 235:
234 Names English: Chinese kale Sci
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236 Names English: Bai cai, Petsai
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238 Names English: Chinese radish S
Page 240 and 241:
240 Names English: Bulb onion Scien
Page 242 and 243:
242 Names English: Chives Scientifi
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244 Names English: Leek Scientific
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246 Names English: Celery Scientifi
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248 Names English: Asparagus Scient
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250 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Alte
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252 Names English: Pea eggplant Sci
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254 And Thanatephorus cucumeris Bro
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256 Names English: Lettuce Scientif
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Minor and less common vegetables 25
Page 260 and 261:
260 Names English: Parsley Scientif
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262 Names English: New Guinea Edibl
Page 264 and 265:
264 Names English: Giant bamboo Sci
Page 266 and 267:
266 Names English: Endive Scientifi
Page 268 and 269:
268 Names English: Common bamboo Sc
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270 Names English: Buckwheat Scient
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272 Names English: Sunflower Scient
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Grains and cereals 274 English name
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276 Chilo suppressalis (Walker) Pyr
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278 Names English: Wild rice Scient
Page 280 and 281:
280 Names English: Wheat Scientific
Page 282 and 283:
282 Names English: Job’s tears Sc
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Waterlilies 284 English name Tok Pi
Page 286 and 287:
286 Names English: Giant waterlily,
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288 Names English: Waterlily Scient
Page 290 and 291:
290 Names English: Blue Water lily
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292 Nuts English name Tok Pisin Sci
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294 stored in sealed containers for
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Page 302 and 303:
302 Names English: Melville Island
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Page 308 and 309:
308 Names English: Breadfruit Scien
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310 Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) C
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312 Production: Jackfruit is a fast
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314
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316 cooked and eaten and the two ha
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Page 324 and 325:
324 Names English: Java almond, Tro
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Page 332 and 333:
332 Names English: Macadamia nut Sc
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334 Names English: Polynesian chest
Page 336 and 337:
336 Names English: Nypa palm Scient
Page 338 and 339:
338 Names English: Cape nutmeg Scie
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Page 342 and 343:
342 Names English: Queensland almon
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344 Names English: Arnhem Land quan
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346 Names English: Castanopsis ches
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348 Dysmicoccus nesophilus Williams
Page 350 and 351: Minor and introduced nuts 350 Engli
Page 352 and 353: The apple is used to make alcoholic
Page 354 and 355: 354 Names English: Fragrant screwpi
Page 356 and 357: 356 Names English: Pecan Scientific
Page 358 and 359: 358 Names English: Walnut Scientifi
Page 360 and 361: 360 Names English: Pistachio nut Sc
Page 362 and 363: 362 Names English: Java olive Scien
Page 364 and 365: 364 Names English: Scientific name:
Page 366 and 367: 366
Page 368 and 369: 368 Fruit and other often sweet foo
Page 370 and 371: 370 Leaf eating insects Anomala com
Page 372 and 373: 372 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
Page 374 and 375: 374 Names English: Pineapple Scient
Page 378 and 379: 378 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Cerc
Page 380 and 381: Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
Page 386 and 387: 386 Names English: Cherimoya Scient
Page 388 and 389: 388 Names English: Atemoya, Custard
Page 390 and 391: 390 Graphium agamemnon L. Papilioni
Page 392 and 393: 392 Names English: Sweetsop Scienti
Page 394 and 395: 394 Names English: Pacific lychee S
Page 396 and 397: 396 Ceroplastes destructor Newstead
Page 406 and 407: West Indian lime Citrus aurantifoli
Page 408 and 409: 408 Names English: Lime, West India
Page 410 and 411: 410 Names English: Orange, Sweet or
Page 412 and 413: 412 Names English: Citron Scientifi
Page 414 and 415: 414 Names English: Wild lime Scient
Page 416 and 417: 416 Names English: Clymenia Scienti
Page 420 and 421: 420 Names English: Tree tomato, Tam
Page 422 and 423: 422 Names English: Naranjilla Scien
Page 424 and 425: 424 Names English: Surinam cherry S
Page 426 and 427: 426 Names English: Watery rose appl
Page 428 and 429: 428 Names English: Java apple Scien
Page 430 and 431: 430 Names English: Pink satinash Sc
Page 432 and 433: 432 Fruit (Continued) English name
Page 434 and 435: 434 Names English: White apple Scie
Page 436 and 437: 436 Names English: Lady apple, Red
Page 438 and 439: 438 Names English: Governor’s plu
Page 440 and 441: 440 Names English: Coffee plum Scie
Page 442 and 443: 442 Names English: Red raspberry Sc
Page 444 and 445: 444 Names English: Molucca bramble
Page 446 and 447: 446 Names English: Rose-leaf brambl
Page 448 and 449: 448 Names English: Alpine strawberr
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450 Names English: Purple passionfr
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452 Names English: Banana passionfr
Page 454 and 455:
454 Names English: Sweet granadilla
Page 456 and 457:
456 Names English: Granadilla Scien
Page 458 and 459:
458 Names English: Toothed-leaved w
Page 460 and 461:
460 Names English: Canistel, Yellow
Page 462 and 463:
462 Names English: Peach Scientific
Page 464 and 465:
464 Names English: Durian Scientifi
Page 466 and 467:
466 Names English: Mangosteen Scien
Page 468 and 469:
468 Names English: Warren’s mango
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Page 472 and 473:
472 Names English: Loquat Scientifi
Page 474 and 475:
474 Production: Seeds germinate aft
Page 476 and 477:
476 Names English: Horse mango Scie
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Page 480 and 481:
480 Names English: European grape S
Page 482 and 483:
482 Names English: Salak, Snake fru
Page 484 and 485:
484 Names English: Santol Scientifi
Page 486 and 487:
486 Names English: Rambutan Scienti
Page 488 and 489:
488 Names English: Panama berry Sci
Page 490 and 491:
490 Names English: Mulberry Scienti
Page 492 and 493:
492 Names English: Indian mulberry
Page 494 and 495:
494 Names English: Garraway lime Sc
Page 496 and 497:
496 Names English: Fei banana Scien
Page 498 and 499:
498 Names English: Sapodilla Scient
Page 500 and 501:
500 Names English: Litchi, Lychee S
Page 502 and 503:
502 Names English: Langsat Scientif
Page 504 and 505:
504 Names English: Garuga Scientifi
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506 Names English: Fig Scientific n
Page 508 and 509:
508 Names English: Velvet apple Sci
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510 Names English: Longan Scientifi
Page 512 and 513:
512 Names English: Red beach, Golde
Page 514 and 515:
514 Names English: Black currant tr
Page 516 and 517:
516 Names English: Chinese laurel S
Page 518 and 519:
518 Names English: Broad leafed lil
Page 520 and 521:
520 Names English: Pineapple guava,
Page 522 and 523:
522 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
Page 524 and 525:
524 Names English: Oregano Scientif
Page 526 and 527:
526 Names English: Spearmint Scient
Page 528 and 529:
528 Names English: Dill Scientific
Page 530 and 531:
530 Names English: Chilli, Bird's e
Page 532 and 533:
532 Names English: Perilla Scientif
Page 534 and 535:
534 Names English: Native cardamon
Page 536 and 537:
536 Names English: Coriander Scient
Page 538 and 539:
538 Names English: Lemon balm Scien
Page 540 and 541:
540 Names English: Queensland Nutme
Page 542 and 543:
542 Names English: Tamarind Scienti
Page 544 and 545:
544 Names English: Betel pepper Sci
Page 546 and 547:
546 Names English: Thyme Scientific
Page 548 and 549:
548 Names English: Ginger Scientifi
Page 550 and 551:
550 Names English: Wild ginger Scie
Page 552 and 553:
552 Scientific name Page Asplenium
Page 554 and 555:
554 Scientific name Page Deeringia
Page 556 and 557:
556 Scientific name Page Manihot es
Page 558 and 559:
558 Scientific name Page Psidium gu
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560 English name Page Adder’s ton
Page 562 and 563:
562 European chestnut 353 European
Page 564 and 565:
564 Oca 41 Oil palm 185 Okra 247 Ol
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566 Sweetsop 392 Sword bean 71 Tama
Page 568:
Pao 307 Pao 305 Paragum 17 Peteta 3
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