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Minor and introduced nuts 350 English name Tok Pisin Scientific name Page Cashew Anacardium occidentale 351 European chestnut Castanea sativa 353 Fragrant screwpine Pandanus odoratissimus 354 Moreton Bay chestnut Castanospermum australe 355 Pecan Carya illinoinensis 356 Hazel Corylus avellana 357 Walnut Juglans regia 358 Pangi Sis Pangium edule 359 Pistachio nut Pistacia vera 360 Almond Prunus dulcis var. amygdalus 361 Java olive Sterculia foetida 362 Peanut tree Sterculia quadrifida 363 Sterculia schumanniana 364 Sloanea tieghemii 365
351 Names English: Cashew Scientific name: Anacardium occidentale L. Tok pisin: Synonyms: Tok ples: Plant family: Anacardiaceae Description: A spreading evergreen tree up to 7-14 m tall. It has spreading branches. The canopy can spread 12 m. The roots grow deeply and spread widely. The bark is rough. The trunk is 15-20 cm across. The leaves are alternate. The leaves are pale green and large. They are 10-15 cm long by 6-8 cm wide. They have fine veins. They are narrow at the base. The leaf stalk is 1-2 cm long. The leaves are shiny. The flowers are produced on the ends of the branches. They are red in colour. About 14 % of the flowers are both male and female and the remainder are male. Many of the flowers which contain female flower parts do not form fruit. The nut is borne below the "apple" which is really a fleshy stalk. The nut is kidney shaped. It is about 3 cm long. Distribution: It is a tropical plant. It suits the lowland tropics but will grow up to about 1200 m altitude. It only bears well in dry areas because of blight of the flowers. It needs warm frost free locations. It grows with temperatures between 22-26°C. A rainfall of 1750 mm per year is considered suitable but good yields have been obtained with rainfall of 750 mm. Wider spacing is needed in drier areas. It can grow on poor soils. It needs good drainage. It is drought resistant. In South India it grows up to 1000 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 11-12. Cultivation: It is usually grown from seeds. Seeds germinate poorly and slowly. Only nuts which sink in water (or a solution of 150 g of sugar in a litre of water) should be planted. Seeds are sun dried for 2-3 days to improve germination. Seeds can be sown in a nursery then transplanted or more commonly are sown directly. Trees are spaced 7-10 m apart. The crop is cross pollinated mostly by insects. It can be propagated by air layering. For good production complete fertiliser or appropriate organic material should be applied. Pruning to shape the tree is often undertaken in the first 2 or 3 years. Cashews are often planted scattered in gardens or amongst other trees. Clearing under the tree prevents fire and makes finding nuts easier. Allowing nuts to fall before harvesting ensures only ripe nuts are collected. Resin in the cashew nut shell can damage hands and discolour the nuts. Roasting the nuts before removing the kernel avoids this. Production: Trees commence bearing after 3 years. Fruit production is seasonal. The fruiting season is normally October to January. Mature nuts are produced in 2-3 months. Yields of 80- 200 kg per hectare of nuts are normal. Trees produce maximum after 10 years and trees last for about 100 years. Use: The fleshy "apple" is edible but acid until very ripe. It is used for jams and drinks. The nut is eaten after roasting. The young shoots and leaves are edible. Caution: The oil of the nut can blister the skin till roasted.
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Food plants of Papua New Guinea A c
Page 4 and 5:
4 Dedication This book is dedicated
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Root and tuber crops and starchy st
Page 10 and 11:
10 Insects: Achaea janata (Linnaeus
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12 Names English: Taro Scientific n
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14 Names English: Chinese taro Scie
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16 Names English: Swamp taro Scient
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18 Insects: Aspidiella sacchari (Co
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20 Use: The corm is cooked and eate
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22 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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Insects: Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (
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26 Names English: Lesser yam Scient
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28 Names English: Potato yam Scient
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30 Names English: Five leaflet yam
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32 Names English: White yam, White
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34 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
Page 36 and 37:
36 Henosepilachna haemorrhoea (Biel
Page 38 and 39:
38 Names English: Yam bean Scientif
Page 40 and 41:
40 Names English: Jerusalem articho
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42 Names English: Anu, Peruvian nas
Page 44 and 45:
44 Names English: Banana, Plantain
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46 Names English: Sago Scientific n
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48 Names English: Solomon’s sago
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51 Names English: Peanut Scientific
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53 Names English: Winged bean Scien
Page 55 and 56:
55 Spodoptera litura Fab. Noctuidae
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57 Names English: Yard long bean, S
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59 Names English: Cowpea Scientific
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61 Names English: Pigeon pea, Dhal
Page 63 and 64:
63 Names English: Soybean Scientifi
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65 Names English: Lima bean Scienti
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67 Cassena intermedia Jac. Chrysome
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69 Lamprosema indica F. Pyralidae (
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71 Names English: Sword bean Scient
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73 Aulacophora similis Olivier Chry
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75 Names English: Rice bean Scienti
Page 77 and 78:
77 Names English: Velvet bean Scien
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79 Names English: D'Albertis creepe
Page 81 and 82:
81 Names English: Guar bean Scienti
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Green leafy vegetables or Kumus 84
Page 86 and 87:
86 Insects: Cletus sp. Colobathrist
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88 Names English: Grain Amaranth, Q
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90 Names English: Spleen amaranth S
Page 92 and 93:
92 Names English: Native Amaranth S
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94 Names English: Scientific name:
Page 96 and 97:
96 Names English: Spinach Joint fir
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Names English: Water drop wort Scie
Page 100 and 101:
100 Names English: Blackberried nig
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Page 104 and 105:
104 Names English: Highlands kapiak
Page 106 and 107:
106 Names English: Dye fig Scientif
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Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
114 Names English: Watercress Scien
Page 116 and 117:
116 Names English: Waterleaf Scient
Page 118 and 119:
118 Names English: Sweet leaf Scien
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120 Names English: Leucaena Scienti
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122 Names English: Hibiscus Scienti
Page 124 and 125:
124 Names English: Wandering Jew Sc
Page 126 and 127:
126 Names English: Indian coral tre
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Page 130 and 131:
130 Names English: Purslane, Pigwee
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132 Names English: Striped cucumber
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Edible ferns 134 English name Tok P
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136 Names English: Fern Scientific
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138 Names English: Tree fern Scient
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Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
144 Names English: Climbing swamp f
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146 Names English: Giant Creek Fern
Page 148 and 149:
148 Names English: Ladder fern Scie
Page 150 and 151:
150 Names English: Hairy Sword Fern
Page 152 and 153:
152 Names English: King fern, Giant
Page 154 and 155:
154 Names English: Bird’s Nest Fe
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156 Names English: Adder’s Tongue
Page 158 and 159:
158 Names English: Parsley fern, Au
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160 Names English: Swamp fern, Wate
Page 162 and 163:
162 Names English: Fern Scientific
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164 Names English: Climbing maidenh
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166
Page 168 and 169:
168 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
Page 170 and 171:
170 Insects: Agapophyta bipunctata
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172 Names English: Betel nut Scient
Page 174 and 175:
174 Names English: Highland Betel n
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Page 178 and 179:
178 Names English: Pejibaye, Peach
Page 180 and 181:
180 Names English: Wine palm, Palmy
Page 182 and 183:
182 Names English: Papuan white rat
Page 184 and 185:
184 Names English: Corypha palm Sci
Page 186 and 187:
186 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
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Page 190 and 191:
190 Names English: Fan palm Scienti
Page 192 and 193:
192 Names English: Black Palm Scien
Page 194 and 195:
194 Names English: Solitaire palm,
Page 196 and 197:
196 Names English: Traveller's palm
Page 198 and 199:
198 Names English: Claudie River La
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Vegetables 200 English name Tok Pis
Page 202 and 203:
202 Parastasia guttulata Fairmaire
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Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
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Page 208 and 209:
208 Names English: Snake gourd Scie
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Page 212 and 213:
212 Insects: Amblypelta lutescens p
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214 Names English: Pumpkin, Winter
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216 Names English: Cucumber Scienti
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218 Names English: Marrow, Pumpkin
Page 220 and 221:
220 Names English: Bottle gourd Sci
Page 222 and 223:
222 Names English: Smooth loofah Sc
Page 224 and 225:
224 Names English: Bitter cucumber
Page 226 and 227:
226 Names English: Spiny bitter cuc
Page 228 and 229:
228 Names English: Bok-choy Celery
Page 230 and 231:
230 Names English: Kohl rabi Scient
Page 232 and 233:
232 Names English: Broccoli Scienti
Page 234 and 235:
234 Names English: Chinese kale Sci
Page 236 and 237:
236 Names English: Bai cai, Petsai
Page 238 and 239:
238 Names English: Chinese radish S
Page 240 and 241:
240 Names English: Bulb onion Scien
Page 242 and 243:
242 Names English: Chives Scientifi
Page 244 and 245:
244 Names English: Leek Scientific
Page 246 and 247:
246 Names English: Celery Scientifi
Page 248 and 249:
248 Names English: Asparagus Scient
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250 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Alte
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252 Names English: Pea eggplant Sci
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254 And Thanatephorus cucumeris Bro
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256 Names English: Lettuce Scientif
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Minor and less common vegetables 25
Page 260 and 261:
260 Names English: Parsley Scientif
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262 Names English: New Guinea Edibl
Page 264 and 265:
264 Names English: Giant bamboo Sci
Page 266 and 267:
266 Names English: Endive Scientifi
Page 268 and 269:
268 Names English: Common bamboo Sc
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270 Names English: Buckwheat Scient
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272 Names English: Sunflower Scient
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Grains and cereals 274 English name
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276 Chilo suppressalis (Walker) Pyr
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278 Names English: Wild rice Scient
Page 280 and 281:
280 Names English: Wheat Scientific
Page 282 and 283:
282 Names English: Job’s tears Sc
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Waterlilies 284 English name Tok Pi
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286 Names English: Giant waterlily,
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288 Names English: Waterlily Scient
Page 290 and 291:
290 Names English: Blue Water lily
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292 Nuts English name Tok Pisin Sci
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294 stored in sealed containers for
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Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301: 300 Names English: Scientific name:
Page 302 and 303: 302 Names English: Melville Island
Page 308 and 309: 308 Names English: Breadfruit Scien
Page 310 and 311: 310 Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) C
Page 312 and 313: 312 Production: Jackfruit is a fast
Page 314 and 315: 314
Page 316 and 317: 316 cooked and eaten and the two ha
Page 324 and 325: 324 Names English: Java almond, Tro
Page 332 and 333: 332 Names English: Macadamia nut Sc
Page 334 and 335: 334 Names English: Polynesian chest
Page 336 and 337: 336 Names English: Nypa palm Scient
Page 338 and 339: 338 Names English: Cape nutmeg Scie
Page 342 and 343: 342 Names English: Queensland almon
Page 344 and 345: 344 Names English: Arnhem Land quan
Page 346 and 347: 346 Names English: Castanopsis ches
Page 348 and 349: 348 Dysmicoccus nesophilus Williams
Page 352 and 353: The apple is used to make alcoholic
Page 354 and 355: 354 Names English: Fragrant screwpi
Page 356 and 357: 356 Names English: Pecan Scientific
Page 358 and 359: 358 Names English: Walnut Scientifi
Page 360 and 361: 360 Names English: Pistachio nut Sc
Page 362 and 363: 362 Names English: Java olive Scien
Page 366 and 367: 366
Page 368 and 369: 368 Fruit and other often sweet foo
Page 370 and 371: 370 Leaf eating insects Anomala com
Page 372 and 373: 372 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
Page 374 and 375: 374 Names English: Pineapple Scient
Page 378 and 379: 378 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Cerc
Page 380 and 381: Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
Page 386 and 387: 386 Names English: Cherimoya Scient
Page 388 and 389: 388 Names English: Atemoya, Custard
Page 390 and 391: 390 Graphium agamemnon L. Papilioni
Page 392 and 393: 392 Names English: Sweetsop Scienti
Page 394 and 395: 394 Names English: Pacific lychee S
Page 396 and 397: 396 Ceroplastes destructor Newstead
Page 398 and 399: 398 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
Page 400 and 401:
400 Names English: Golden apple, Sc
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Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
West Indian lime Citrus aurantifoli
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408 Names English: Lime, West India
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410 Names English: Orange, Sweet or
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412 Names English: Citron Scientifi
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414 Names English: Wild lime Scient
Page 416 and 417:
416 Names English: Clymenia Scienti
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Page 420 and 421:
420 Names English: Tree tomato, Tam
Page 422 and 423:
422 Names English: Naranjilla Scien
Page 424 and 425:
424 Names English: Surinam cherry S
Page 426 and 427:
426 Names English: Watery rose appl
Page 428 and 429:
428 Names English: Java apple Scien
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430 Names English: Pink satinash Sc
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432 Fruit (Continued) English name
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434 Names English: White apple Scie
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436 Names English: Lady apple, Red
Page 438 and 439:
438 Names English: Governor’s plu
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440 Names English: Coffee plum Scie
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442 Names English: Red raspberry Sc
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444 Names English: Molucca bramble
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446 Names English: Rose-leaf brambl
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448 Names English: Alpine strawberr
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450 Names English: Purple passionfr
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452 Names English: Banana passionfr
Page 454 and 455:
454 Names English: Sweet granadilla
Page 456 and 457:
456 Names English: Granadilla Scien
Page 458 and 459:
458 Names English: Toothed-leaved w
Page 460 and 461:
460 Names English: Canistel, Yellow
Page 462 and 463:
462 Names English: Peach Scientific
Page 464 and 465:
464 Names English: Durian Scientifi
Page 466 and 467:
466 Names English: Mangosteen Scien
Page 468 and 469:
468 Names English: Warren’s mango
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Page 472 and 473:
472 Names English: Loquat Scientifi
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474 Production: Seeds germinate aft
Page 476 and 477:
476 Names English: Horse mango Scie
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Page 480 and 481:
480 Names English: European grape S
Page 482 and 483:
482 Names English: Salak, Snake fru
Page 484 and 485:
484 Names English: Santol Scientifi
Page 486 and 487:
486 Names English: Rambutan Scienti
Page 488 and 489:
488 Names English: Panama berry Sci
Page 490 and 491:
490 Names English: Mulberry Scienti
Page 492 and 493:
492 Names English: Indian mulberry
Page 494 and 495:
494 Names English: Garraway lime Sc
Page 496 and 497:
496 Names English: Fei banana Scien
Page 498 and 499:
498 Names English: Sapodilla Scient
Page 500 and 501:
500 Names English: Litchi, Lychee S
Page 502 and 503:
502 Names English: Langsat Scientif
Page 504 and 505:
504 Names English: Garuga Scientifi
Page 506 and 507:
506 Names English: Fig Scientific n
Page 508 and 509:
508 Names English: Velvet apple Sci
Page 510 and 511:
510 Names English: Longan Scientifi
Page 512 and 513:
512 Names English: Red beach, Golde
Page 514 and 515:
514 Names English: Black currant tr
Page 516 and 517:
516 Names English: Chinese laurel S
Page 518 and 519:
518 Names English: Broad leafed lil
Page 520 and 521:
520 Names English: Pineapple guava,
Page 522 and 523:
522 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
Page 524 and 525:
524 Names English: Oregano Scientif
Page 526 and 527:
526 Names English: Spearmint Scient
Page 528 and 529:
528 Names English: Dill Scientific
Page 530 and 531:
530 Names English: Chilli, Bird's e
Page 532 and 533:
532 Names English: Perilla Scientif
Page 534 and 535:
534 Names English: Native cardamon
Page 536 and 537:
536 Names English: Coriander Scient
Page 538 and 539:
538 Names English: Lemon balm Scien
Page 540 and 541:
540 Names English: Queensland Nutme
Page 542 and 543:
542 Names English: Tamarind Scienti
Page 544 and 545:
544 Names English: Betel pepper Sci
Page 546 and 547:
546 Names English: Thyme Scientific
Page 548 and 549:
548 Names English: Ginger Scientifi
Page 550 and 551:
550 Names English: Wild ginger Scie
Page 552 and 553:
552 Scientific name Page Asplenium
Page 554 and 555:
554 Scientific name Page Deeringia
Page 556 and 557:
556 Scientific name Page Manihot es
Page 558 and 559:
558 Scientific name Page Psidium gu
Page 560 and 561:
560 English name Page Adder’s ton
Page 562 and 563:
562 European chestnut 353 European
Page 564 and 565:
564 Oca 41 Oil palm 185 Okra 247 Ol
Page 566 and 567:
566 Sweetsop 392 Sword bean 71 Tama
Page 568:
Pao 307 Pao 305 Paragum 17 Peteta 3
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