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Waterlilies 284 English name Tok Pisin Scientific name Page Lotus root Nelumbo nucifera 285 Giant waterlily Nymphaea gigantea 286 Nymphaea lotus var. pubescens 287 Nymphaea macrosperma 288 Tiny waterlily Nymphaea nouchali 289 Blue waterlily Nymphaea violacea 290
285 Names English: Lotus root Scientific name: Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner Tok pisin: Synonyms: Tok ples: Plant family: Nelumbonaceae/Nymphaeaceae Description: A herb which grows in water and continues growing for several years. The rootstock is under water and creeping. The leaf stalk grows 1-2 m high. The leaves can be 20-90 cm across. It has large round leaves which stand out of the water. The stalk joins to the centre of the leaf. It has large attractive pink, red or white flowers which stand out of the water on long stalks. Flowers are pink or white and 15 to 25 cm across. The flower stalk can be longer than the leaf stalk. The mature fruit is a spongy cone shaped structure with several seeds about 1 cm across under the holes in the top. These fruit can be 7-15 cm long. The edible rhizome is submerge in mud. Distribution: It is a tropical plant but will grow in cooler places. It needs 20-30°C. It needs full sunshine. It can grow in deep water. It does best in fresh water. The pH can range from 5.6- 7.5. It suits hardiness zones 9-12. It will probably grow up to about 1000 m altitude. It occurs in the Fly and Sepik River areas in Papua New Guinea. It is cultivated in most of China except the very northern areas. It suits hardiness zones 9-12. Cultivation: It can be grown from sections of the root or from seed. Seed germinate between 25-30°C. The hard seed coat needs to be cracked to enable seed to grow. Seed will remain viable for many years. Plants grown from seed vary as seed do not breed true. It needs to be in water at least 30-50 cm deep. Rhizomes with 2-3 segments are used. They are put in the mud at a 30° angle. Production: Rhizomes are harvested all year round and contain an abundance of starch. Plants grown from seed take 2 years to produce. Plants grown from cuttings can produce the same year. Use: The seeds are eaten raw or roasted. Ripe seeds are prepared by removing the seedcoat and the intensely bitter plumule and then boiled in syrup. Slightly unripe seeds are also eaten raw. The white roots are eaten raw with meat. The flower stalks are cooked as a vegetable. They are also eaten raw. The young tender leaves are eaten with a savoury sauce. The stamen are used for flavouring tea. Food Value: Per 100 g edible portion Edible part Moisture Energy Protein Calcium Iron proVit A proVit C Zinc % KJ g mg mg µg mg mg Seed 38.8 545 8.8 8.0 2 3 0.2 Root Flower stalks Leaves 81.4 276 1.6 0.9 0 27.4 0.3 Insects: Diseases: Pests: Importance: The rhizomes are sold in markets. The stalks are sold in markets. The plant occurs in several coastal areas of Papua New Guinea and the seeds are the part most commonly used for food. It is a sacred plant to Hindus.
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Food plants of Papua New Guinea A c
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4 Dedication This book is dedicated
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Root and tuber crops and starchy st
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10 Insects: Achaea janata (Linnaeus
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12 Names English: Taro Scientific n
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14 Names English: Chinese taro Scie
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16 Names English: Swamp taro Scient
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18 Insects: Aspidiella sacchari (Co
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20 Use: The corm is cooked and eate
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22 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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Insects: Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (
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26 Names English: Lesser yam Scient
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28 Names English: Potato yam Scient
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30 Names English: Five leaflet yam
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32 Names English: White yam, White
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34 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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36 Henosepilachna haemorrhoea (Biel
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38 Names English: Yam bean Scientif
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40 Names English: Jerusalem articho
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42 Names English: Anu, Peruvian nas
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44 Names English: Banana, Plantain
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46 Names English: Sago Scientific n
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48 Names English: Solomon’s sago
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51 Names English: Peanut Scientific
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53 Names English: Winged bean Scien
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55 Spodoptera litura Fab. Noctuidae
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57 Names English: Yard long bean, S
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59 Names English: Cowpea Scientific
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61 Names English: Pigeon pea, Dhal
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63 Names English: Soybean Scientifi
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65 Names English: Lima bean Scienti
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67 Cassena intermedia Jac. Chrysome
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69 Lamprosema indica F. Pyralidae (
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71 Names English: Sword bean Scient
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73 Aulacophora similis Olivier Chry
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75 Names English: Rice bean Scienti
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77 Names English: Velvet bean Scien
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79 Names English: D'Albertis creepe
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81 Names English: Guar bean Scienti
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Green leafy vegetables or Kumus 84
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86 Insects: Cletus sp. Colobathrist
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88 Names English: Grain Amaranth, Q
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90 Names English: Spleen amaranth S
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92 Names English: Native Amaranth S
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94 Names English: Scientific name:
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96 Names English: Spinach Joint fir
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Names English: Water drop wort Scie
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100 Names English: Blackberried nig
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Page 104 and 105:
104 Names English: Highlands kapiak
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106 Names English: Dye fig Scientif
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Page 114 and 115:
114 Names English: Watercress Scien
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116 Names English: Waterleaf Scient
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118 Names English: Sweet leaf Scien
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120 Names English: Leucaena Scienti
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122 Names English: Hibiscus Scienti
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124 Names English: Wandering Jew Sc
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126 Names English: Indian coral tre
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Page 130 and 131:
130 Names English: Purslane, Pigwee
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132 Names English: Striped cucumber
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Edible ferns 134 English name Tok P
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136 Names English: Fern Scientific
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138 Names English: Tree fern Scient
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144 Names English: Climbing swamp f
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146 Names English: Giant Creek Fern
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148 Names English: Ladder fern Scie
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150 Names English: Hairy Sword Fern
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152 Names English: King fern, Giant
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154 Names English: Bird’s Nest Fe
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156 Names English: Adder’s Tongue
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158 Names English: Parsley fern, Au
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160 Names English: Swamp fern, Wate
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162 Names English: Fern Scientific
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164 Names English: Climbing maidenh
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166
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168 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
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170 Insects: Agapophyta bipunctata
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172 Names English: Betel nut Scient
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174 Names English: Highland Betel n
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Page 178 and 179:
178 Names English: Pejibaye, Peach
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180 Names English: Wine palm, Palmy
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182 Names English: Papuan white rat
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184 Names English: Corypha palm Sci
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186 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
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Page 190 and 191:
190 Names English: Fan palm Scienti
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192 Names English: Black Palm Scien
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194 Names English: Solitaire palm,
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196 Names English: Traveller's palm
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198 Names English: Claudie River La
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Vegetables 200 English name Tok Pis
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202 Parastasia guttulata Fairmaire
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Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
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Page 208 and 209:
208 Names English: Snake gourd Scie
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Page 212 and 213:
212 Insects: Amblypelta lutescens p
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214 Names English: Pumpkin, Winter
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216 Names English: Cucumber Scienti
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218 Names English: Marrow, Pumpkin
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220 Names English: Bottle gourd Sci
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222 Names English: Smooth loofah Sc
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224 Names English: Bitter cucumber
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226 Names English: Spiny bitter cuc
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228 Names English: Bok-choy Celery
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230 Names English: Kohl rabi Scient
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232 Names English: Broccoli Scienti
Page 234 and 235: 234 Names English: Chinese kale Sci
Page 236 and 237: 236 Names English: Bai cai, Petsai
Page 238 and 239: 238 Names English: Chinese radish S
Page 240 and 241: 240 Names English: Bulb onion Scien
Page 242 and 243: 242 Names English: Chives Scientifi
Page 244 and 245: 244 Names English: Leek Scientific
Page 246 and 247: 246 Names English: Celery Scientifi
Page 248 and 249: 248 Names English: Asparagus Scient
Page 250 and 251: 250 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Alte
Page 252 and 253: 252 Names English: Pea eggplant Sci
Page 254 and 255: 254 And Thanatephorus cucumeris Bro
Page 256 and 257: 256 Names English: Lettuce Scientif
Page 258 and 259: Minor and less common vegetables 25
Page 260 and 261: 260 Names English: Parsley Scientif
Page 262 and 263: 262 Names English: New Guinea Edibl
Page 264 and 265: 264 Names English: Giant bamboo Sci
Page 266 and 267: 266 Names English: Endive Scientifi
Page 268 and 269: 268 Names English: Common bamboo Sc
Page 270 and 271: 270 Names English: Buckwheat Scient
Page 272 and 273: 272 Names English: Sunflower Scient
Page 274 and 275: Grains and cereals 274 English name
Page 276 and 277: 276 Chilo suppressalis (Walker) Pyr
Page 278 and 279: 278 Names English: Wild rice Scient
Page 280 and 281: 280 Names English: Wheat Scientific
Page 282 and 283: 282 Names English: Job’s tears Sc
Page 286 and 287: 286 Names English: Giant waterlily,
Page 288 and 289: 288 Names English: Waterlily Scient
Page 290 and 291: 290 Names English: Blue Water lily
Page 292 and 293: 292 Nuts English name Tok Pisin Sci
Page 294 and 295: 294 stored in sealed containers for
Page 296 and 297: 296 Names English: Scientific name:
Page 302 and 303: 302 Names English: Melville Island
Page 308 and 309: 308 Names English: Breadfruit Scien
Page 310 and 311: 310 Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) C
Page 312 and 313: 312 Production: Jackfruit is a fast
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Page 316 and 317: 316 cooked and eaten and the two ha
Page 324 and 325: 324 Names English: Java almond, Tro
Page 332 and 333: 332 Names English: Macadamia nut Sc
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334 Names English: Polynesian chest
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336 Names English: Nypa palm Scient
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338 Names English: Cape nutmeg Scie
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342 Names English: Queensland almon
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344 Names English: Arnhem Land quan
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346 Names English: Castanopsis ches
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348 Dysmicoccus nesophilus Williams
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Minor and introduced nuts 350 Engli
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The apple is used to make alcoholic
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354 Names English: Fragrant screwpi
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356 Names English: Pecan Scientific
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358 Names English: Walnut Scientifi
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360 Names English: Pistachio nut Sc
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362 Names English: Java olive Scien
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366
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368 Fruit and other often sweet foo
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370 Leaf eating insects Anomala com
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374 Names English: Pineapple Scient
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378 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Cerc
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Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
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386 Names English: Cherimoya Scient
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388 Names English: Atemoya, Custard
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390 Graphium agamemnon L. Papilioni
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392 Names English: Sweetsop Scienti
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394 Names English: Pacific lychee S
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396 Ceroplastes destructor Newstead
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400 Names English: Golden apple, Sc
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West Indian lime Citrus aurantifoli
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408 Names English: Lime, West India
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410 Names English: Orange, Sweet or
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412 Names English: Citron Scientifi
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414 Names English: Wild lime Scient
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416 Names English: Clymenia Scienti
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Page 420 and 421:
420 Names English: Tree tomato, Tam
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422 Names English: Naranjilla Scien
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424 Names English: Surinam cherry S
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426 Names English: Watery rose appl
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428 Names English: Java apple Scien
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430 Names English: Pink satinash Sc
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432 Fruit (Continued) English name
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434 Names English: White apple Scie
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436 Names English: Lady apple, Red
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438 Names English: Governor’s plu
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440 Names English: Coffee plum Scie
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442 Names English: Red raspberry Sc
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444 Names English: Molucca bramble
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446 Names English: Rose-leaf brambl
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448 Names English: Alpine strawberr
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450 Names English: Purple passionfr
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452 Names English: Banana passionfr
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454 Names English: Sweet granadilla
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456 Names English: Granadilla Scien
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458 Names English: Toothed-leaved w
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460 Names English: Canistel, Yellow
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462 Names English: Peach Scientific
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464 Names English: Durian Scientifi
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466 Names English: Mangosteen Scien
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468 Names English: Warren’s mango
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Page 472 and 473:
472 Names English: Loquat Scientifi
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474 Production: Seeds germinate aft
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476 Names English: Horse mango Scie
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Page 480 and 481:
480 Names English: European grape S
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482 Names English: Salak, Snake fru
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484 Names English: Santol Scientifi
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486 Names English: Rambutan Scienti
Page 488 and 489:
488 Names English: Panama berry Sci
Page 490 and 491:
490 Names English: Mulberry Scienti
Page 492 and 493:
492 Names English: Indian mulberry
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494 Names English: Garraway lime Sc
Page 496 and 497:
496 Names English: Fei banana Scien
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498 Names English: Sapodilla Scient
Page 500 and 501:
500 Names English: Litchi, Lychee S
Page 502 and 503:
502 Names English: Langsat Scientif
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504 Names English: Garuga Scientifi
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506 Names English: Fig Scientific n
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508 Names English: Velvet apple Sci
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510 Names English: Longan Scientifi
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512 Names English: Red beach, Golde
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514 Names English: Black currant tr
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516 Names English: Chinese laurel S
Page 518 and 519:
518 Names English: Broad leafed lil
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520 Names English: Pineapple guava,
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522 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
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524 Names English: Oregano Scientif
Page 526 and 527:
526 Names English: Spearmint Scient
Page 528 and 529:
528 Names English: Dill Scientific
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530 Names English: Chilli, Bird's e
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532 Names English: Perilla Scientif
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534 Names English: Native cardamon
Page 536 and 537:
536 Names English: Coriander Scient
Page 538 and 539:
538 Names English: Lemon balm Scien
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540 Names English: Queensland Nutme
Page 542 and 543:
542 Names English: Tamarind Scienti
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544 Names English: Betel pepper Sci
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546 Names English: Thyme Scientific
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548 Names English: Ginger Scientifi
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550 Names English: Wild ginger Scie
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552 Scientific name Page Asplenium
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554 Scientific name Page Deeringia
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556 Scientific name Page Manihot es
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558 Scientific name Page Psidium gu
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560 English name Page Adder’s ton
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562 European chestnut 353 European
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564 Oca 41 Oil palm 185 Okra 247 Ol
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566 Sweetsop 392 Sword bean 71 Tama
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Pao 307 Pao 305 Paragum 17 Peteta 3
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