Thesis

More documents

Recommendations

Info

has to a great extent shown that demographic variables do have a significant effect on burnout. Thus, younger age, having no children, lower educational level, less years of working as a nurse, and more hours worked per week have been shown to have an influence on burnout in previous researches, but could not be shown to influence burnout in this study. A possible explanation for this can be that nationality and psychological immunity had such strong protective effects on Hungarian and Swedish nurses’ burnout that it excluded other variables in this study. 6. CONCLUSION 6.1. IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Having spent a great deal of time looking at burnout in nurses in different countries in general, and Swedish and Hungarian emergency nurses in particular, in connection to work related stress, life satisfaction, personality, social support, and demographic variables, it has been an interesting journey. At the end of this journey it is now time to reflect upon the implications of this study. The area of burnout in nurses is a well researched and well established area. It has an extensive scientific background all around the world and from that point of view it was a challenge to come up with an area within the burnout area which would still shed new light on the phenomenon of burnout in nurses, the fact that this study looked at emergency nurses in two different countries and in relation to five different areas made this study a very specific one and hopefully also an interesting one, which highlighted areas in a range from not being researched to extensively researched. This wide spectrum has hopefully made this study stand out and has also hopefully contributed with filling in some gaps in already existing research. Hopefully it has also contributed with new ideas worth while for future research to investigate further. The fact that this study looked at burnout in Hungarian and Swedish emergency nurses, with two very different historical backgrounds, made it interesting to see whether this would turn out as something positive or negative. Since the countries have different historical backgrounds it was maybe no surprise that the levels of burnout came out the way they did. However, could the results have come out differently? Maybe one should not make the assumption that the results were obvious due to unfortunate historical background because
what if the Hungarian nurses would have scored higher on other variables which would have given them protection against burnout and thus would have scored lower on burnout because of those variables? These are merely assumptions of course and future research could look into this area to see if comparing western and eastern countries is valuable or not. Countries like for example Romania, Bulgaria, and Poland have also gone through difficult times in the past and studies comparing burnout between for example one of those countries and a western country would be interesting to see which results would be attained. Also research in comparing these Eastern European countries with each other would be valuable, in order to see which of the countries have the lowest burnout and has thus managed to increase their qualities of their health care systems. However, also since there has not been any previous study (as far as the knowledge of the author) comparing Hungary and Sweden with regards to burnout it would be interesting for future research to conduct a similar comparison between the two countries, in order to see which or if the present results could be replicated. When looking at work related stress, it was maybe not a real necessity to divide the work related factors between the two different nations. This is an area which has been extensively researched by previous researchers and a possible idea would have been simply to look at which different work related factors were stressful in the two different countries. Since previous research seems to have handled this issue in this manner, it would have been a possibility for this study to model. The division of the work related factors between the two different countries was done looking at previous research but since research in Hungary is scarce in general on burnout, it was difficult to make the division suitably. Thus, future research should look at the methods used by previous researches and use similar techniques they have used, if they are valuable. To start experimenting with other techniques might simply end up as confusing and might interfere with the main idea of the study being pursued. Thus, another idea for future research is to make a comparison between Hungary and Sweden concerning burnout and work-related factors, but then to do this by simply listing which factors are causing stress for Hungarian nurses and Swedish nurses separately, and then see which or if any of the factors can be connected to burnout in the two countries. An interesting topic in the field of burnout is the topic of life satisfaction. The fact that this study could not show a connection between burnout and life satisfaction was more disappointing than surprising. Previous research has shown mixed results in connection to burnout and life satisfaction, and thus the findings of this study are in line with previous
Page 1 and 2:
University of Eötvös Lorand Hunga
Page 3 and 4:
DEDICATION TO MY PARENTS; YOUR HARD
Page 5 and 6:
ABSTRACT A great deal of research h
Page 7 and 8:
3. METHOD……………………
Page 9 and 10:
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. PURPOSE OF THE
Page 11 and 12:
1981). This questionnaire was and i
Page 13 and 14:
oncology wards (Sherman, 2004). Esc
Page 15 and 16:
(SWB). The meaning of SWB is how pe
Page 17 and 18:
extent demographic variables, work-
Page 19 and 20:
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. THE THEOR
Page 21 and 22:
different countries in Europe and t
Page 23 and 24:
Foxall, Zimmerman, Standley & Benee
Page 25 and 26:
nurse were both negatively connecte
Page 27 and 28:
elated to stress levels and job sat
Page 29 and 30:
Altun (2002) has pointed out that b
Page 31 and 32:
Demerouti et al. (2005) is also arg
Page 33 and 34:
Halbesleben & Buckley (2004) argued
Page 35 and 36:
Brewer & Shapard (2004) conducted a
Page 37 and 38:
the third dimension of the burnout
Page 39 and 40:
Table 1. Amount of nurses being bur
Page 41 and 42:
environmental variables at the hosp
Page 43 and 44:
and stress levels could be differen
Page 45 and 46:
about a patient’s treatment witho
Page 47 and 48:
Potter (2006) conducted a literatur
Page 49 and 50:
Lin, Hsu, Chao, Luh, Hung et al. (2
Page 51 and 52:
at work are underprivileged in comp
Page 53 and 54:
instructions from their supervisors
Page 55 and 56:
number of years worked as a nurse w
Page 57 and 58:
psychosomatic health, after demogra
Page 59 and 60:
environment, and support from the s
Page 61 and 62:
urnout. The factor which has been h
Page 63 and 64:
Diener & Tov (2005, in Kitayama & C
Page 65 and 66:
form of for example life satisfacti
Page 67 and 68:
develop burnout (see for example La
Page 69 and 70:
Simoni & Paterson (1997) have also
Page 71 and 72:
the psychological immune system (Ol
Page 73 and 74:
positive effect of social support i
Page 75 and 76:
Several authors have shown the effe
Page 77 and 78:
support especially important in rel
Page 79 and 80:
(1999), Tummers et al. (2002), and
Page 81 and 82:
According to Maslach (1982), when i
Page 83 and 84:
2.11. HOW CAN WE PREVENT BURNOUT? 2
Page 85 and 86:
work-related safety in order to dec
Page 87 and 88:
in the organization are not easy to
Page 89 and 90:
at work, and on the nurses’ work-
Page 91 and 92:
3. METHOD 3.1 STUDY POPULATION The
Page 93 and 94:
the head nurse at the second meetin
Page 95 and 96:
• Satisfaction with Life scale (D
Page 97 and 98:
assess people’s satisfaction with
Page 99 and 100:
positive accomplishment in the nurs
Page 101 and 102:
Goal Orientation 0.63 0.52 Impulse
Page 103 and 104: 23,71% Number of children 0-1 2-3 4
Page 105 and 106: It was shown that the Swedish nurse
Page 107 and 108: APPENDIX 3); a robust Welch-test fo
Page 109 and 110: Table 8: ANOVA results of work stre
Page 111 and 112: In the second part of the second hy
Page 113 and 114: would be found in the Swedish sampl
Page 115 and 116: The Monitoring-Creating-Executing S
Page 117 and 118: 4.6.3. Findings for Burnout and Per
Page 119 and 120: Table 17: Robust Test of Equality o
Page 121 and 122: Approach-Belief System (r=0.260, p
Page 123 and 124: p
Page 125 and 126: Approach-Belief System (1.01) and t
Page 127 and 128: Marital status Table 23: Burnout me
Page 129 and 130: generalized to other hospitals in S
Page 131 and 132: feeling inexperienced would result
Page 133 and 134: sample. Another researcher who foun
Page 135 and 136: 5.3. BURNOUT AND LIFE SATISFACTION
Page 137 and 138: the findings in connection to life
Page 139 and 140: salaries of health care system pers
Page 141 and 142: urnout simply shows that the area o
Page 143 and 144: feel supported at home and feel the
Page 145 and 146: and that lower personality scores g
Page 147 and 148: connection between age and burnout.
Page 149 and 150: connection to them was not thought
Page 151 and 152: and young nurses working in the int
Page 153: extensively researched all around t
Page 157 and 158: immunity between different countrie
Page 159 and 160: care workers (usually nurses). In s
Page 161 and 162: more efficient if they would be dir
Page 163 and 164: Aries, M. & Ritter, I. Z. (1999). N
Page 165 and 166: Brooks I. & Swailes S. (2002). Anal
Page 167 and 168: Chang, E. M., Bidewell, J. W., Hunt
Page 169 and 170: Cronin-Stubbs, D. & Rooks, C. A. (1
Page 171 and 172: Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R. E. &
Page 173 and 174: Ghorpade, J., Lackritz, J. & Singh,
Page 175 and 176: Hupcey, J. E. (1998). Clarifying th
Page 177 and 178: Lakin, B., Leon, S. C. & Miller, S.
Page 179 and 180: Leiter, M. P. (1993). In Halbeslebe
Page 181 and 182: Maslach, C. (1982). Burnout: a soci
Page 183 and 184: Murrells, T., Robinson, S. & Griffi
Page 185 and 186: Piko, B. F. (1999). Work-related st
Page 187 and 188: Sherman, D. W. (2004). Nurses’ St
Page 189 and 190: Taris, T. W., Schreurs, P. J. G. &
Page 191 and 192: Wright, T. A. & Cropanzano, R. (199
Page 193 and 194: a. Age…………..years old b. Wh
Page 195 and 196: 6.I do not particularly like differ
Page 197 and 198: 4) I am interested in how you feel
Page 199 and 200: APPENDIX C ORIGINAL SPSS OUTPUTS Se
Page 201 and 202: Cases Reliability Scale: ALPHA Case
Page 203 and 204: Cases Case Processing Summary N % V
Page 205 and 206:
RELIABILITY /VARIABLES=pici7 pici23
Page 207 and 208:
Cases Case Processing Summary N % V
Page 209 and 210:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's A
Page 211 and 212:
Section 6: Correlations of the test
Page 213 and 214:
Emotional exhaustion_ mbi Depersona
Page 215 and 216:
Table 11: Robust Tests of Equality
Page 217 and 218:
ience d Worklo ad Stress related to
Page 219 and 220:
Table 17: Coefficients(a) Unstandar
Page 221 and 222:
Table 23: Excluded Variables(b) Par
Page 223 and 224:
Table 30: Test of Homogeneity of Va
Page 225 and 226:
a Predictors in the Model: (Constan
Page 227 and 228:
5 6 country 4,870 ,772 ,342 6,305 ,
Page 229 and 230:
Social support questionnaire ,145(b
Page 231 and 232:
Being unprepaired and feeling inexp
Page 233 and 234:
Social mobilizing capac. subscale_P
Page 235 and 236:
Section 16: Correlations of the PIC
Page 237 and 238:
Table 48: Correlations: (Group numb
Page 239 and 240:
Positive thinking subscale_PIC I Se
Page 241 and 242:
Positive thinking subscale_PICI Sen
Page 243 and 244:
Approach-Belief System Monitoring-C
Page 245 and 246:
Approach-Belief System Monitoring-
Page 247 and 248:
Model 1 Variables Entered Work stre
Page 249 and 250:
Change and Challenge orient. subsca
Page 251 and 252:
Married -,160(c) -2,798 ,006 -,208
Page 253 and 254:
Relationship with the patient’s r
Page 255 and 256:
More than 5 years worked as a nurse
Page 257 and 258:
Work and private life ,006(b) ,079
Page 259 and 260:
Social creation capac. subscale_PIC
Page 261 and 262:
6 7 Residual 6334,172 172 36,827 To
Page 263 and 264:
Self-Efficacy subscale_PICI ,109(a)
Page 265 and 266:
Significant other subscale_ social
Page 267 and 268:
Stress related to tasks -,109(d) -1
Page 269 and 270:
7 Age Relationship with patients Wo
Page 271 and 272:
Estimate S.E. C.R. P Label Burnout
Page 273 and 274:
country ss ws ls PIC Burnout PIC ,0
Page 275 and 276:
Table 106: ECVI Model ECVI LO 90 HI
Page 277 and 278:
coun try 2,41 8 dp -,723 ss ls PICI
Page 279 and 280:
Table 120: tandardized Indirect Eff
Page 281 and 282:
ment_mbi Emotional exhaustion_mbi D
Page 283 and 284:
Personal accomplishment _mbi single
Page 285 and 286:
2 Model 1 2 Married . a Dependent V
Page 287 and 288:
Number of years at the current work
Page 289 and 290:
edu Total How many years have you w
Page 291 and 292:
Table 160: Chi-Square Tests Value d
Page 293 and 294:
Death, dying Conflic ts with doctor
Page 295 and 296:
Death, dying Conflic ts with doctor
Page 297 and 298:
** Correlation is significant at th
Page 299 and 300:
Estimate S.E. C.R. P Label e12 2,40
Page 301 and 302:
APPMONSYS CREEXSYS SELFREGSYS Goal
Page 303 and 304:
Table 184: RMSEA Model RMSEA LO 90
Page 305 and 306:
Table 192: Correlations: (Group num
Page 307 and 308:
APPMONSYS CREEXSYS SELFREGSYS Self-
Page 309:
Table 204: NCP Model NCP LO 90 HI 9
show all

Thesis

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?