Thesis

INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….…1
1.1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………............1
1.2. HYPOTHESES...........................................................................................................10
2. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………...........13
2.1. THE THEORY OF STRESS………………………………………………………..13
2.2. WORK STRESS AND HEALTH…………………………………………………..14
2.3. DEFINITION OF BURNOUT………………………………………………...........23
2.3.1. Contradictory views on Burnout ………………………………………………… 24
2.4. TWO MODELS OF BURNOUT……………………………………………………27
2.4.1. The Conservation of Resources Model (COR)........................................................27
2.4.2. The Job Demands – Resources Model (JD-R)…………………………………… 29
2.5. NURSES AND BURNOUT…………………………………………………...........30
2.5.1. Burnout in nurses………………………………………………………………….30
2.5.2. Burnout in emergency nurses………………………………………………….…..40
2.5.3. Burnout in Swedish and Hungarian (emergency) nurses……………………….…47
2.6. BURNOUT AND WORK-RELATED FACTORS…………………………............57
2.7. LIFE SATISFACTION………………………………………………………...……61
2.7.1. Life Satisfaction in general………………………………………………….…….61
2.7.2. Burnout and Life Satisfaction……………………………………………………..63
2.8. BURNOUT AND PERSONALITY…………………………………………….…..67
2.8.1. The Psychological Immune System………………………………………….……72
2.9. SOCIAL SUPPORT……………………………………………………………...…74
2.9.1. Social support related to health……………………………...…………………….74
2.9.2. Burnout and Social support…………………………………………………..……76
2.10. BURNOUT AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES…………………………...….83
2.11. HOW CAN WE PREVENT BURNOUT?...............................................................86
2.11.1. Background to the Theory of Prevention Strategies……………………….…….86
2.11.1.1. Changing People…………………………………………………………...…..89
2.11.1.2. Changing Organizations………………………………………………………..90
2.11.2. Research in Burnout Interventions……………………………...………………..91