Mechanisms of Olfaction in Insects - ResearchSpace@Auckland ...

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List of Abbreviations pH Potential of hydrogen PIPES Piperazine-N-N‟-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) PR Pheromone receptor psi Pound per square inch PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride qRT-PCR Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction RACE Rapid amplification of cDNA ends ROI Region of interest RNA Ribonucleic acid rpm Revolutions per minute S2 Schneider 2 SDS Sodium dodecyl sulphate Sf9 Spodoptera frugiperda 9 SNMP Sensory neuron membrane protein ssDNA Single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid TB Terrific broth TEV Tobacco etch virus TM Transmembrane UTR Untranslated region UV Ultra Violet VOBA Volatiles odorant binding assay xiv
1.1 General overview 1 General Introduction Olfaction is the ability of organisms to detect and discriminate volatile compounds from the vast range of odours present in the environment. In animals, this sensory ability is used for such behaviours as to find a mate, locate food sources and detect enemies. Chemical cues are used extensively in animals as a means of communication both within species (intraspecific) and between species (interspecific) (Hartlieb and Anderson, 1999). Intraspecific chemical signals or pheromones are released by members of the same species and can be recognised as either releasers or primers. Releasers are pheromones that take effect immediately, for example, as in kin recognition, mating stimulation, acting as alarms against dangers, such as predators by eliciting aggregation, influencing oviposition, territory, trail, recruitment of new workers, nest building, and leading to food sources. Primers are pheromones that cause changes in development of the organism, for example, sexual maturation, development and physiological state (Howse, 1998). Interspecific chemical signals, which are released by one species and detected by another, can either be a kairomone whereby the signal benefits the receiver or an allomone, which is beneficial to the sender, or both. Examples of kairomones include pheromones, toxins, and metabolites, used in host/prey location and floral scents (of host plants and food source). Allomones include defence secretions, repellents and floral scents (Jones, 1998).
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Page 3 and 4: Abstract Abstract Olfaction or the
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Functional characterisation of Epip
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3.1 Introduction 3 The roles of Epi
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4.1 Introduction 4 Identification o
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Identification of putative odorant
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5.1 Introduction 5 Concluding Discu
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Appendix B 135 Buffered TB (Sambroo
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Appendix C 137 C. Appendix C - Clus
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Appendix D 139 D. Appendix D - Solu
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Appendix E 141 I II
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Appendix E 145 VII continued Figure
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References 147 Ansebo, L., Ignell,
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References 149 Butenandt, A., Beckm
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References 151 Fedurco, M., Romieu,
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References 153 Große-Wilde, E., St
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References 155 Hrdy, I., F. Kuldova
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References 157 Kaissling, K. E. (19
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References 159 Krieger, J., Große-
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References 161 Lopez-Gomez, R. and
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References 163 Miura, N., Nakagawa,
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References 165 Pell, J. K., Macaula
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References 167 Røstelien, T., Stra
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References 169 Stowers, L. and Loga
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References 171 Turner, C. T., Davy,
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References 173 Vogt, R. G., Riddifo
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References 175 Widmayer, P., Heifet
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