Mechanisms of Olfaction in Insects - ResearchSpace@Auckland ...

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Functional characterisation of Epiphyas postvittana odorant receptor 1 56 postvittana as discussed in the previous paragraph. There is only a ten-fold difference in the binding affinity of these two compounds to the same OR that may elicit opposite behaviour in the moth. Moreover, EpOR1 has the same recognition threshold for both these compounds, recognising the compounds to a low concentration of 10 -10 M. Functional characterisation of EpOR1 suggests that this is a general odorant receptor tuned to recognising important plant volatiles. The level of tuning differs for each odorant, with the sensitivity for methyl salicylate being the highest. Perhaps EpOR1 is the main receptor that E. postvittana uses for the detection of methyl salicylate, thereby identifying plants that are under attack. It will be interesting to see if any of the other ORs in E. postvittana recognise methyl salicylate thus using a combinatorial mechanism of binding for this ligand. The high affinity of insect ORs for plant volatiles makes them potential targets for insect repellent development. Finally, the identification and decoding of more E. postvittana ORs will enable the decoding of an odour–ligand map for E. postvittana and aid in dealing with this important agricultural pest.
3.1 Introduction 3 The roles of Epiphyas postvittana GOBP2 in odour detection by EpOR1 The abundance of odorant binding proteins in the sensillum lymph poses numerous questions about their function. Although OBPs were discovered in insects nearly two decades before the odorant receptors, there continues to be much debate over their roles(s). Several roles for OBPs have been postulated based on experimental data obtained from studies of PBPs. These proteins form a family with 32–92% sequence identity in moths (Abraham et al., 2005). They are present at high concentrations in the range of 10 µM in the sensillum lymph (Klein, 1987) and have a role in pheromone binding (Vogt and Riddiford, 1981; Vogt et al., 1989; Maibeche-Coisne et al., 1997; Newcomb et al., 2002). OBPs are thought to form complexes with ligands and have been suggested to: aid the solubilisation and transport of ligands; protect ligands from enzymatic degradation in the sensillum lymph; enable interaction of ligands with dendritic bound ORs, and facilitate deactivation of the ligand (see section 1.5.1 for a detailed overview on the roles of OBPs).
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Abstract Abstract Olfaction or the
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I
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Contents v Contents Abstract……
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Contents 4.2.5 Degenerate PCR .....
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List of Figures List of Figures Fig
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List of Tables List of Tables Table
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List of Abbreviations gDNA Genomic
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1.1 General overview 1 General Intr
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General Introduction 3 moth in loca
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Identification of putative odorant
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5.1 Introduction 5 Concluding Discu
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Concluding Discussion 127 VOBA sett
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Concluding Discussion 129 redundant
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Concluding Discussion 131 against t
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Concluding Discussion 133 sequencin
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Appendix B 135 Buffered TB (Sambroo
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Appendix C 137 C. Appendix C - Clus
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Appendix D 139 D. Appendix D - Solu
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Appendix E 141 I II
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Appendix E 143 V
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Appendix E 145 VII continued Figure
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References 147 Ansebo, L., Ignell,
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References 149 Butenandt, A., Beckm
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References 151 Fedurco, M., Romieu,
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References 153 Große-Wilde, E., St
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References 155 Hrdy, I., F. Kuldova
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References 157 Kaissling, K. E. (19
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References 159 Krieger, J., Große-
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References 161 Lopez-Gomez, R. and
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References 163 Miura, N., Nakagawa,
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References 165 Pell, J. K., Macaula
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References 167 Røstelien, T., Stra
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References 169 Stowers, L. and Loga
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References 171 Turner, C. T., Davy,
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References 173 Vogt, R. G., Riddifo
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References 175 Widmayer, P., Heifet
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