Mechanisms of Olfaction in Insects - ResearchSpace@Auckland ...

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General Introduction 26 involved in the production of the sex pheromone blend have been shown. The precursor, myristic acid underwent E11 desaturation event, followed by reduction and acetylation to give the pheromone component E11-14:OAc. E11 desaturation of the precursor palmitic acid followed by chain shortening yielded E9-14:OAc and the diene resulted from further E11 desaturation (Foster and Roelofs, 1990). The pheromone production in female moths is regulated by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). The presence of sex pheromone in the female is low at eclosion, reaches its highest levels two days after eclosion and decreases to one third that of the peak at day seven, a gradual decline with the age of the moth (Foster, 1993). Mating results in lowering release of PBAN from females and thus stops the female from producing any more pheromone (Foster and Greenwood, 1997). Figure 1.6: The sex pheromone blend of E. postvittana is a 20:1 ratio of (E)-11tetradecenyl acetate and (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Bellas et al., 1983).
General Introduction 27 Figure 1.7: Scanning electronmicrograph of adult male (left) and female (right) antennaes of E.postvittana. The pheromone sensitive long sensilla trichodea are present in higher numbers on the male antennae than the female (shown with yellow arrow) suggesting a role in sex pheromone reception of male moths (Jordon, 2006). Scale bars = 0.1mm. Pheromone and plant volatile recognition experiments in E. postvittana have been done using EAG response recordings of antennae and ORNs (Rumbo, 1981; Karg et al., 1992; Suckling et al., 1996). The long sensilla trichodea localised in two radial rows on each male antennal segments are sensitive to pheromone components (Rumbo, 1981). This sensilla type is not present in the female antennae, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (Figure 1.7). Experiments showed that each sensilla (including the pheromone sensitive sensilla) had three ORN cells associated with it, however, only two of these three were shown to be active in the pheromone specific sensillum (Rumbo, 1983). To determine what specific plant odorants the male and female moths respond to, EAG experiments and oviposition assays were carried out (Suckling et al., 1996). The odorants were chosen based on their presence in fruit and host plants of the moth (Table 1.2). These experiments revealed that eugenol, geraniol and citral acted as oviposition deterrents while hexanal, linalool, nonanol, and octanol were attractants for the moth.
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Page 3 and 4: Abstract Abstract Olfaction or the
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Concluding Discussion 131 against t
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Concluding Discussion 133 sequencin
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Appendix B 135 Buffered TB (Sambroo
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Appendix C 137 C. Appendix C - Clus
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Appendix D 139 D. Appendix D - Solu
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Appendix E 141 I II
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Appendix E 145 VII continued Figure
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References 147 Ansebo, L., Ignell,
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References 149 Butenandt, A., Beckm
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References 151 Fedurco, M., Romieu,
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References 153 Große-Wilde, E., St
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References 155 Hrdy, I., F. Kuldova
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References 157 Kaissling, K. E. (19
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References 159 Krieger, J., Große-
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References 161 Lopez-Gomez, R. and
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References 163 Miura, N., Nakagawa,
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References 165 Pell, J. K., Macaula
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References 167 Røstelien, T., Stra
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References 169 Stowers, L. and Loga
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References 171 Turner, C. T., Davy,
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References 173 Vogt, R. G., Riddifo
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References 175 Widmayer, P., Heifet
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