Gamma Rays and CarbonIon-Beams Irradiation for Mutation ...

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generation (mother plant and sucker) showed the same characteristics, this characteristic is heritable to the subsequent generations. Unfortunately, bunch characteristics and fruit quality were not able to be compared, but future research could be conducted for leaf shape in relation to production and fruit quality. On the other hand, Carbon ion-beams irradiated plants showed hexaploids cells detected by flow cytometer (five plants in ‘C. Enano’ and one in ‘Williams’), signifying that chromosome duplication occurred. On the topic of Gamma rays irradiated plants in “Gamma Greenhouse”, visible variation of the leaves such as abnormal, double, long, rudimentary, spindled and yellow spotted leaf were shown, suggesting that the effect of the long-term chronic irradiation acted directly in the active cell division at meristem level, resulting in severe damage or even death of the meristems. A screening method using juglone toxin was adapted using the leaf disc from young banana irradiated plantlets. Leaf disc necrotic area (LDNA- %) was determined selecting the less affected plants form the irradiated population (Gamma rays). Twenty plants were selected from the ‘Orito’ lot, eight in ‘Williams’ and five in ‘Cavendish Enano’. Applying a lineal regression to the combinations of the disease development period (DDP-days), infection index (II-%) and LDNA-% on plants from ion beam experiment, six plants of ‘Williams’ (code number: ‘W 16 II 74’, ‘W 128 I 67’, ‘W 1 II 148’, ‘W 8 II 13’, ‘W 1 II 19’ and ‘W 1 II 31’) and two plants of ‘Cavendish Enano’ (code numbers: ‘CE 4 II 30’ and ‘CE 64 I 5’) were selected as possible candidates with better response against to black Sigatoka. 133
A ‘Cavendish Enano’ plant with fast growing by Carbon ion-beam (4 Gy) was observed. The earliness is thought as an important characteristic for crop cycle and will result biannual. Finally, field experiment considering the whole plant cycle must be necessary to perform, to study the relationship of the new mutant plants such as better response against to black Sigatoka, sigmoid drooping leaf, fast growth, hexaploids and diminished DNA content plants with genes of fruit quality, potential production and post harvest characteristics as components for final selections. 134
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Gamma Rays and Carbon Ion-Beams Irr
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Table of contents Chapter 1 1.1. In
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4.2.1.1. Cultivars of banana……
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and ‘Valery’, which are exporte
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‘Cavendish Enano’, ‘Williams
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Although it is now found only in Au
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varieties bred at the Jamaican prog
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such as ‘Paka’ (AA) and ‘Pisa
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Resistance (PR). In connection with
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large number of improved mutant cro
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which migrated faster (Rf = 0.44) t
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is juglone (5 hydroxy-1,4-napthoqui
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experiments involving various biolo
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Tanaka (1999) reported novel genes
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2. 1. Materials and Methods Chapter
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2. 1. 1. 4. FHIA-01 ‘FHIA-01’(M
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(Gamma room)” and “Carbon ion-b
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esulting from “Gamma Room” expe
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traits as female sterility and part
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3. 2. 1. 3. Chronic irradiation ( 1
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Gy. ‘Williams’ and ‘Orito’
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a diploid clone (genomic constituti
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‘Williams’ (93%), the necrotic
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etween the irradiation doses and th
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moment they are at the development
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A B C D Fig. 2. Cultivars of banana
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Weight of plantlets (g) Height of p
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Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy Fig. 6.
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Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy 200 Gy
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Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
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A B C D E F Fig. 12. A plant from
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B D AA E Fig 14. Banana meristems a
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A B C Orito Orito Orito Cavendish E
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No. plants No. plants No. plants No
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Circunference (cm) Plant height (cm
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Table 1. Differences of the plantle
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Table 3. Differences of the surviva
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Table 5. Selected materials reporti
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Table 8. Factor of effectiveness an
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deletion rather than point mutation
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were recorded. From the results, th
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4. 2. 2. Assessment of banana plant
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placement among the plants (Fig. 30
Page 87 and 88: hours, photographs of the leaf-disc
Page 89 and 90: ‘Williams’ (B) was obtained by
Page 91 and 92: class limits values are clearly sep
Page 93 and 94: values in ‘Cavendish Enano’ ran
Page 95 and 96: Only a partial resistance was obser
Page 97 and 98: Sigatoka but also fruit quality, po
Page 99 and 100: A C Fig. 23. Banana plantlets packa
Page 101 and 102: A C Fig. 25. Acclimatization of the
Page 103 and 104: A C Fig. 27. Survival plantlets for
Page 105 and 106: A C Fig. 29. Mycosphaerella fijiens
Page 107 and 108: A C Fig. 31. Labor during transplan
Page 109 and 110: B A Fig. 33. Establishment of the j
Page 111 and 112: A B Fig. 35. Regenerated plantlets
Page 113 and 114: Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
Page 115 and 116: 0 0.5 1 2 4 Fig 39. Banana plantlet
Page 117 and 118: A B C Fig. 41. Regenerated explants
Page 119 and 120: Range of optimum doses (Gy) 16 15 1
Page 121 and 122: Percent of plants Percent of plants
Page 123 and 124: LDNA-% LDNA-% DDP-days 100 80 60 40
Page 125 and 126: Fig. 49. Hexaploid cells in ‘Cave
Page 127 and 128: Table 10. Infection index (II-%), d
Page 129 and 130: Table 12. DDP-days, II-% and LDNA-%
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 5 General Discussion Gamma
Page 133 and 134: FHIA-01 were not able to compare du
Page 135 and 136: ‘W 1 II 31’. In the case of ‘
Page 137: Summary Both Gamma rays and Carbon
Page 141 and 142: I extend my gratitude also to Dr. K
Page 143 and 144: Cohan, J, P., C. Abadie, K. Tomekp
Page 145 and 146: Hase, Y., M. Yamaguchi and A. Tanak
Page 147 and 148: Molina, G. C. and J. P. Krausz (198
Page 149 and 150: Roux, N. S. (2001). Mutation induct
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