Gamma Rays and CarbonIon-Beams Irradiation for Mutation ...

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2. 1. 2. 2. “Gamma rays (Gamma field)” Chronic irradiation was done using “Gamma Field” facilities. The experiment was carried out using pots 40 cm diameter containing acclimated plantlets, around 20 cm height. After irradiation, for in vitro culture, the meristem of each plant was cut into several explants and placed into a multiplication solid medium. Explants from this experiment were propagated three times. 2. 1. 2. 3. “Gamma rays (Gamma greenhouse)” Chronic irradiation of banana plants was done in “Gamma Greenhouse” facility. Banana plants were irradiated for a 9-month duration, from September 2002 until the end of June 2003. To propagate the plants after irradiation, initiation solid medium, multiplication liquid medium and regeneration solid medium were used to increase plant numbers for post- irradiation studies. 2. 1. 3. Relative DNA content measured by using flow cytometer To analyze the relative DNA content of banana leaves samples, PAS Flow Cytometer (Partec) was utilized which is equipped with a mercury arc lamp that is suited for analysis of samples stained with CyStain UV kit. The Relative Nuclear DNA Content (RDC) was calculated using the peak mean value obtained from analyzed sample (FI) divided for the peak mean of the internal standard (FI). Resulting values of RDC were analyzed by frequency distribution. Analysis for gamma-rays irradiated plants was carried out using 20 plants per each doses in ever cultivars including the non irradiated, using ‘Orito’ as standard. Only the plants 29
esulting from “Gamma Room” experiment were analyzed by frequency distributions. Regarding to the ion-beams irradiated samples, 115 samples were analyzed using ‘FHIA-01’ as the standard. 2. 1. 4. Factor of effectiveness A factor of effectiveness (FE) was calculated to compare the efficiency of the mutagens using the data obtained from phenologic and phenotypic variations. The formula to calculate the FE is a modified formula by Walther (1969) cited by Bhagwat and Duncan (1998) described as follow: 2. 1. 5. Statistical analysis Total number of variations FE = --------------------------------------- x 100 Total number of plants treated The statistical one-way analysis of variance by Tukey-Kramer (JMP, Version 5) was used to analyze data from gamma rays. For carbon ion-beams, the data were processed using the analysis of variance (General AOV/AOCV, analytical software Statistix for windows version 2.0), followed by Tukey analysis (P≦0.05). The radiosensitivity was evaluated as survival rate-lethal doses (LD50) for each. LD50 calculation using survival rates (%) were analyzed by exponential regression determined in the four cultivars. LD50 is a value to assess acute toxicity, which determines the amount of Gy necessary to kill half of the irradiated population. 30
Page 1 and 2: Gamma Rays and Carbon Ion-Beams Irr
Page 3 and 4: Table of contents Chapter 1 1.1. In
Page 5 and 6: 4.2.1.1. Cultivars of banana……
Page 7 and 8: and ‘Valery’, which are exporte
Page 9 and 10: ‘Cavendish Enano’, ‘Williams
Page 11 and 12: Although it is now found only in Au
Page 13 and 14: varieties bred at the Jamaican prog
Page 15 and 16: such as ‘Paka’ (AA) and ‘Pisa
Page 17 and 18: Resistance (PR). In connection with
Page 19 and 20: large number of improved mutant cro
Page 21 and 22: which migrated faster (Rf = 0.44) t
Page 23 and 24: is juglone (5 hydroxy-1,4-napthoqui
Page 25 and 26: experiments involving various biolo
Page 27 and 28: Tanaka (1999) reported novel genes
Page 29 and 30: 2. 1. Materials and Methods Chapter
Page 31 and 32: 2. 1. 1. 4. FHIA-01 ‘FHIA-01’(M
Page 33: (Gamma room)” and “Carbon ion-b
Page 37 and 38: traits as female sterility and part
Page 39 and 40: 3. 2. 1. 3. Chronic irradiation ( 1
Page 41 and 42: Gy. ‘Williams’ and ‘Orito’
Page 43 and 44: a diploid clone (genomic constituti
Page 45 and 46: ‘Williams’ (93%), the necrotic
Page 47 and 48: etween the irradiation doses and th
Page 49 and 50: moment they are at the development
Page 51 and 52: A B C D Fig. 2. Cultivars of banana
Page 53 and 54: Weight of plantlets (g) Height of p
Page 55 and 56: Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy Fig. 6.
Page 57 and 58: Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy 200 Gy
Page 59 and 60: Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
Page 61 and 62: A B C D E F Fig. 12. A plant from
Page 63 and 64: B D AA E Fig 14. Banana meristems a
Page 65 and 66: A B C Orito Orito Orito Cavendish E
Page 67 and 68: No. plants No. plants No. plants No
Page 69 and 70: Circunference (cm) Plant height (cm
Page 71 and 72: Table 1. Differences of the plantle
Page 73 and 74: Table 3. Differences of the surviva
Page 75 and 76: Table 5. Selected materials reporti
Page 77 and 78: Table 8. Factor of effectiveness an
Page 79 and 80: deletion rather than point mutation
Page 81 and 82: were recorded. From the results, th
Page 83 and 84: 4. 2. 2. Assessment of banana plant
Page 85 and 86:
placement among the plants (Fig. 30
Page 87 and 88:
hours, photographs of the leaf-disc
Page 89 and 90:
‘Williams’ (B) was obtained by
Page 91 and 92:
class limits values are clearly sep
Page 93 and 94:
values in ‘Cavendish Enano’ ran
Page 95 and 96:
Only a partial resistance was obser
Page 97 and 98:
Sigatoka but also fruit quality, po
Page 99 and 100:
A C Fig. 23. Banana plantlets packa
Page 101 and 102:
A C Fig. 25. Acclimatization of the
Page 103 and 104:
A C Fig. 27. Survival plantlets for
Page 105 and 106:
A C Fig. 29. Mycosphaerella fijiens
Page 107 and 108:
A C Fig. 31. Labor during transplan
Page 109 and 110:
B A Fig. 33. Establishment of the j
Page 111 and 112:
A B Fig. 35. Regenerated plantlets
Page 113 and 114:
Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
Page 115 and 116:
0 0.5 1 2 4 Fig 39. Banana plantlet
Page 117 and 118:
A B C Fig. 41. Regenerated explants
Page 119 and 120:
Range of optimum doses (Gy) 16 15 1
Page 121 and 122:
Percent of plants Percent of plants
Page 123 and 124:
LDNA-% LDNA-% DDP-days 100 80 60 40
Page 125 and 126:
Fig. 49. Hexaploid cells in ‘Cave
Page 127 and 128:
Table 10. Infection index (II-%), d
Page 129 and 130:
Table 12. DDP-days, II-% and LDNA-%
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 5 General Discussion Gamma
Page 133 and 134:
FHIA-01 were not able to compare du
Page 135 and 136:
‘W 1 II 31’. In the case of ‘
Page 137 and 138:
Summary Both Gamma rays and Carbon
Page 139 and 140:
A ‘Cavendish Enano’ plant with
Page 141 and 142:
I extend my gratitude also to Dr. K
Page 143 and 144:
Cohan, J, P., C. Abadie, K. Tomekp
Page 145 and 146:
Hase, Y., M. Yamaguchi and A. Tanak
Page 147 and 148:
Molina, G. C. and J. P. Krausz (198
Page 149 and 150:
Roux, N. S. (2001). Mutation induct
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