Gamma Rays and CarbonIon-Beams Irradiation for Mutation ...

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4. 3. 2. 4. Plant selection by combining DDP-days, II-% and LDNA-% In this research, the three variables DDP-days, II-% and LDNA- % were study to assess black Sigatoka response in the irradiated materials. The data analyzed by linear regression permitted to categorize the plants showing better response against to this disease. Fig. 47 shows the LDNA-% regression versus II-% (A), LDNA-% regression versus DDP-days (B) and DDP-days regression versus II-% (C) in ‘Williams’. The regression among the three combined variables permitted to observe close relationships in six plants. The code number are ‘W 16 II 74’, ‘W 128 I 67’, ‘W 1 II 148’, ‘W 8 II 13’, ‘W 1 II 19’ and ‘W 1 II 31’. This group of plants were selected as candidates possessing better response against to black Sigatoka. In the case of ‘Cavendish Enano’, two plants with the code numbers CE 4 II 30 and CE 64 I 5 (Fig. 48) were found out showing high relationship when the three variables were combined (Table 12). Those results allow to allege that the sensitivity to the irradiation of ‘Williams’ determined by LD50 could explain the variation in the number of mutated plants that shows six candidates, compared with the two candidates obtained in ‘Cavendish Enano’. That means that high sensitivity cultivars to Carbon ion-beams irradiation may produce a wide range of mutagenesis expressing tolerant/resistant to black Sigatoka, deducing that the sensitivity is cultivar dependent. Romero and Sutton (1997) indicated that artificial inoculations of 10-week-old tissue culture plants with conidia of M. fijiensis could be used to test the susceptibility or resistance of different genotypes. In this study, which is the first report in banana using ion beams to alter the banana response against to black Sigatoka, from a viewpoint of complete assessment of the candidate plants, field experiment based on the whole plant cycle must be necessary to evaluate not only the response to black 91
Sigatoka but also fruit quality, potential production and postharvest parameters as valuables components for final selections. 4. 3. 2. 5. Relative DNA content When 115 samples were analyzed by using flow cytometer, hexaploid cells were found out. In ‘Cavendish Enano’ five plants were found when the ion beam dose was 4 Gy. In Cultivar ‘Williams’ just one plant was observed (Fig. 49). These results suggested that carbon ion-beam irradiation could produce a duplication of the chromosomes. Yu (2006) in the experiment with wheat mentioned that if a normal chromosome increased by a segment with the same sequence could be called duplication. The duplicated segment is linked to the original sequence, it is called tandem duplication; if the segment is linked in the reverse sequence, it is called a reverse duplication. The same author also reported that a large amount of chromosomal lagging can definitely induce change in the chromosome number and thus possible result in new idioplasms of aneuploid. Using N-ion implantation doses of D3 (3 x 10 16 ions/cm 2 ) and D4 (4 x 10 16 ions/cm 2 ), monomers with the chromosomes number 41 appeared in wheat ‘Premebi’. In ‘Rye AR1’ with dose D4, monomers with the numbers of chromosomes of 19 appeared, 15 of them being normal chromosomes and 4 as B chromosomes which were obviously a trisome. 4. 3. 3. Factor of effectiveness produced by carbon ion-beams Factor of effectiveness (FE) of ‘Cavendish Enano’ and ‘Williams’ are showed in Tables 13 and 14. Plants showing good response to black Sigatoka were selected. Other useful characteristics such hexaploids plants and fast growth plantlet were also observed. 92
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Gamma Rays and Carbon Ion-Beams Irr
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Table of contents Chapter 1 1.1. In
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4.2.1.1. Cultivars of banana……
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and ‘Valery’, which are exporte
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‘Cavendish Enano’, ‘Williams
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Although it is now found only in Au
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varieties bred at the Jamaican prog
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such as ‘Paka’ (AA) and ‘Pisa
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Resistance (PR). In connection with
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large number of improved mutant cro
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which migrated faster (Rf = 0.44) t
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is juglone (5 hydroxy-1,4-napthoqui
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experiments involving various biolo
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Tanaka (1999) reported novel genes
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2. 1. Materials and Methods Chapter
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2. 1. 1. 4. FHIA-01 ‘FHIA-01’(M
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(Gamma room)” and “Carbon ion-b
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esulting from “Gamma Room” expe
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traits as female sterility and part
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3. 2. 1. 3. Chronic irradiation ( 1
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Gy. ‘Williams’ and ‘Orito’
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a diploid clone (genomic constituti
Page 45 and 46: ‘Williams’ (93%), the necrotic
Page 47 and 48: etween the irradiation doses and th
Page 49 and 50: moment they are at the development
Page 51 and 52: A B C D Fig. 2. Cultivars of banana
Page 53 and 54: Weight of plantlets (g) Height of p
Page 55 and 56: Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy Fig. 6.
Page 57 and 58: Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy 200 Gy
Page 59 and 60: Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
Page 61 and 62: A B C D E F Fig. 12. A plant from
Page 63 and 64: B D AA E Fig 14. Banana meristems a
Page 65 and 66: A B C Orito Orito Orito Cavendish E
Page 67 and 68: No. plants No. plants No. plants No
Page 69 and 70: Circunference (cm) Plant height (cm
Page 71 and 72: Table 1. Differences of the plantle
Page 73 and 74: Table 3. Differences of the surviva
Page 75 and 76: Table 5. Selected materials reporti
Page 77 and 78: Table 8. Factor of effectiveness an
Page 79 and 80: deletion rather than point mutation
Page 81 and 82: were recorded. From the results, th
Page 83 and 84: 4. 2. 2. Assessment of banana plant
Page 85 and 86: placement among the plants (Fig. 30
Page 87 and 88: hours, photographs of the leaf-disc
Page 89 and 90: ‘Williams’ (B) was obtained by
Page 91 and 92: class limits values are clearly sep
Page 93 and 94: values in ‘Cavendish Enano’ ran
Page 95: Only a partial resistance was obser
Page 99 and 100: A C Fig. 23. Banana plantlets packa
Page 101 and 102: A C Fig. 25. Acclimatization of the
Page 103 and 104: A C Fig. 27. Survival plantlets for
Page 105 and 106: A C Fig. 29. Mycosphaerella fijiens
Page 107 and 108: A C Fig. 31. Labor during transplan
Page 109 and 110: B A Fig. 33. Establishment of the j
Page 111 and 112: A B Fig. 35. Regenerated plantlets
Page 113 and 114: Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
Page 115 and 116: 0 0.5 1 2 4 Fig 39. Banana plantlet
Page 117 and 118: A B C Fig. 41. Regenerated explants
Page 119 and 120: Range of optimum doses (Gy) 16 15 1
Page 121 and 122: Percent of plants Percent of plants
Page 123 and 124: LDNA-% LDNA-% DDP-days 100 80 60 40
Page 125 and 126: Fig. 49. Hexaploid cells in ‘Cave
Page 127 and 128: Table 10. Infection index (II-%), d
Page 129 and 130: Table 12. DDP-days, II-% and LDNA-%
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 5 General Discussion Gamma
Page 133 and 134: FHIA-01 were not able to compare du
Page 135 and 136: ‘W 1 II 31’. In the case of ‘
Page 137 and 138: Summary Both Gamma rays and Carbon
Page 139 and 140: A ‘Cavendish Enano’ plant with
Page 141 and 142: I extend my gratitude also to Dr. K
Page 143 and 144: Cohan, J, P., C. Abadie, K. Tomekp
Page 145 and 146: Hase, Y., M. Yamaguchi and A. Tanak
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Molina, G. C. and J. P. Krausz (198
Page 149 and 150:
Roux, N. S. (2001). Mutation induct
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