Gamma Rays and CarbonIon-Beams Irradiation for Mutation ...

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3.2.1. Irradiation of the banana germplasm using 60 Co and 137 Cs as source of gamma rays………………………………………...…32 3.2.1.1. Acute irradiation ( 60 Co) at the “Gamma Room” in banana explants…………………………………...…....33 3.2.1.2. Chronic irradiation ( 60 Co) at the “Gamma Field” in banana plants………………………………………...…33 3.2.1.3. Chronic irradiation ( 137 Cs) at the “Gamma Greenhouse” in banana plants….……..………...34 3.2.2. Juglone toxin screening………………………………………….....34 3.2.3. Putative mutants of FHIA-01……………………………………....35 3.3. Results and Discussion……………………………………………..35 3.3.1. Acute irradiation ( 60 Co) at the “Gamma Room” in banana explants…………………………………………………….35 3.3.2. Chronic irradiation ( 60 Co) at the “Gamma Field” in banana plants……………………………………………………….38 3.3.3. Chronic irradiation ( 137 Cs) at the “Gamma Greenhouse” in banana plants…………………………………………………….38 3.3.4. Juglone toxin screening…………………………………………….39 3.3.5. Relative DNA content measuring by using flow cytometer…...…..41 3.3.6. Putative mutant of FHIA-01…………………………...…………..43 3.3.7. Factor of effectiveness produced by gamma rays……………….…44 Chapter 4 Mutation induction on banana (Musa spp.) by using carbon ion-beams irradiation technique and identification of black Sigatoka resistant/tolerant mutants 4.1. Introduction………………………………………………………...73 4.2. Materials and Methods…………………………………………..…75 4.2.1. Assessment of banana explants in laboratory conditions…..............75
4.2.1.1. Cultivars of banana……………………………………..…75 4.2.1.2. Explants slicing conditioning for ion-beams irradiation…..75 4.2.1.3. Ion-beams irradiation doses…….………………..………..76 4.2.1.4. Post-irradiation management……………………….….….77 4.2.2. Assessment of banana plantlets at the nursery and at field conditions…………………………………………………..78 4.2.2.1. Disease development periods (DDP-days) and infection index (II-%)……………………………..……….78 4.2.2.2. Juglone toxin screening…………………………………....81 4.3. Results and Discussion……………………………………………..82 4.3.1. Assessment of banana explants in laboratory conditions…………..82 4.3.1.1. Explants slicing conditioning for ion-beams irradiation…..82 4.3.1.2. Biological effects of the carbon ion-beam irradiation doses (Gy)……………………………………………..…..83 4.3.2. Assessment of banana plantlets at the nursery and at field conditions……………………………………………………......…85 4.3.2.1. Disease development period (DDP-days)...……………….85 4.3.2.2. Infection index (II-%)…………………………………..….87 4.3.2.3. Juglone toxin response……………………………….....…89 4.3.2.4. Plant selection by combining DDP-days, II-% and LDNA-%..............................................................................91 4.3.2.5. Relative DNA content………………………..……………92 4.3.3. Factor of effectiveness produced by carbon ion beams………..…..92 Chapter 5 General Discussion………………………………………………………126 Summary………………………………………………………..……….132 Acknowledgement……………………………………………………….135 Literature Cited………………………………………………………..…137
Page 1 and 2: Gamma Rays and Carbon Ion-Beams Irr
Page 3: Table of contents Chapter 1 1.1. In
Page 7 and 8: and ‘Valery’, which are exporte
Page 9 and 10: ‘Cavendish Enano’, ‘Williams
Page 11 and 12: Although it is now found only in Au
Page 13 and 14: varieties bred at the Jamaican prog
Page 15 and 16: such as ‘Paka’ (AA) and ‘Pisa
Page 17 and 18: Resistance (PR). In connection with
Page 19 and 20: large number of improved mutant cro
Page 21 and 22: which migrated faster (Rf = 0.44) t
Page 23 and 24: is juglone (5 hydroxy-1,4-napthoqui
Page 25 and 26: experiments involving various biolo
Page 27 and 28: Tanaka (1999) reported novel genes
Page 29 and 30: 2. 1. Materials and Methods Chapter
Page 31 and 32: 2. 1. 1. 4. FHIA-01 ‘FHIA-01’(M
Page 33 and 34: (Gamma room)” and “Carbon ion-b
Page 35 and 36: esulting from “Gamma Room” expe
Page 37 and 38: traits as female sterility and part
Page 39 and 40: 3. 2. 1. 3. Chronic irradiation ( 1
Page 41 and 42: Gy. ‘Williams’ and ‘Orito’
Page 43 and 44: a diploid clone (genomic constituti
Page 45 and 46: ‘Williams’ (93%), the necrotic
Page 47 and 48: etween the irradiation doses and th
Page 49 and 50: moment they are at the development
Page 51 and 52: A B C D Fig. 2. Cultivars of banana
Page 53 and 54: Weight of plantlets (g) Height of p
Page 55 and 56:
Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy Fig. 6.
Page 57 and 58:
Control 50 Gy 100 Gy 150 Gy 200 Gy
Page 59 and 60:
Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
Page 61 and 62:
A B C D E F Fig. 12. A plant from
Page 63 and 64:
B D AA E Fig 14. Banana meristems a
Page 65 and 66:
A B C Orito Orito Orito Cavendish E
Page 67 and 68:
No. plants No. plants No. plants No
Page 69 and 70:
Circunference (cm) Plant height (cm
Page 71 and 72:
Table 1. Differences of the plantle
Page 73 and 74:
Table 3. Differences of the surviva
Page 75 and 76:
Table 5. Selected materials reporti
Page 77 and 78:
Table 8. Factor of effectiveness an
Page 79 and 80:
deletion rather than point mutation
Page 81 and 82:
were recorded. From the results, th
Page 83 and 84:
4. 2. 2. Assessment of banana plant
Page 85 and 86:
placement among the plants (Fig. 30
Page 87 and 88:
hours, photographs of the leaf-disc
Page 89 and 90:
‘Williams’ (B) was obtained by
Page 91 and 92:
class limits values are clearly sep
Page 93 and 94:
values in ‘Cavendish Enano’ ran
Page 95 and 96:
Only a partial resistance was obser
Page 97 and 98:
Sigatoka but also fruit quality, po
Page 99 and 100:
A C Fig. 23. Banana plantlets packa
Page 101 and 102:
A C Fig. 25. Acclimatization of the
Page 103 and 104:
A C Fig. 27. Survival plantlets for
Page 105 and 106:
A C Fig. 29. Mycosphaerella fijiens
Page 107 and 108:
A C Fig. 31. Labor during transplan
Page 109 and 110:
B A Fig. 33. Establishment of the j
Page 111 and 112:
A B Fig. 35. Regenerated plantlets
Page 113 and 114:
Survival rate (%) for LD50 Survival
Page 115 and 116:
0 0.5 1 2 4 Fig 39. Banana plantlet
Page 117 and 118:
A B C Fig. 41. Regenerated explants
Page 119 and 120:
Range of optimum doses (Gy) 16 15 1
Page 121 and 122:
Percent of plants Percent of plants
Page 123 and 124:
LDNA-% LDNA-% DDP-days 100 80 60 40
Page 125 and 126:
Fig. 49. Hexaploid cells in ‘Cave
Page 127 and 128:
Table 10. Infection index (II-%), d
Page 129 and 130:
Table 12. DDP-days, II-% and LDNA-%
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 5 General Discussion Gamma
Page 133 and 134:
FHIA-01 were not able to compare du
Page 135 and 136:
‘W 1 II 31’. In the case of ‘
Page 137 and 138:
Summary Both Gamma rays and Carbon
Page 139 and 140:
A ‘Cavendish Enano’ plant with
Page 141 and 142:
I extend my gratitude also to Dr. K
Page 143 and 144:
Cohan, J, P., C. Abadie, K. Tomekp
Page 145 and 146:
Hase, Y., M. Yamaguchi and A. Tanak
Page 147 and 148:
Molina, G. C. and J. P. Krausz (198
Page 149 and 150:
Roux, N. S. (2001). Mutation induct
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