Gamma Rays and CarbonIon-Beams Irradiation for Mutation ...

2. 1. Materials and Methods
Chapter 2
This section comprises the similar materials and methods that
were used in both “Gamma rays” and “Carbon ion-beams” irradiation
methods. For a better understanding of the general methodology, a
schematic drawing is shown in Fig. 1.
2. 1. 1. Cultivars of banana used for gamma rays and carbon ion
beams irradiation
Four cultivars of banana (Fig. 2) were used in both gamma rays
and carbon ion-beams irradiation methods as follow.
2. 1 .1. 1. Orito
‘Orito’ (Musa acuminata AA), is a diploid type susceptible to
black Sigatoka with an average height of 4-5 m, characterized by small
fingers and bunch, and good fruit quality. In Indonesia, this cultivar is
known as ‘Pisang mas’ and is popularly known as ‘Orito’ in Ecuador, as
well as ‘Baby banana’ in the organic banana market. Organic ‘Baby
banana’ is obtained as result of a production system sustainable in time,
and optimum management of natural resources and organic sub products,
minimizing external inputs use and avoiding chemicals and fertilizer use. In
Ecuador, there are approximately 403 hectares cultivated with organic
‘Baby banana’. Organic Baby banana differs from banana by its large, wide
and brilliant leaves. Producers have learned to deal with black Sigatoka
disease without decreasing production employing defoliation of infected
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