OECD Economic Outlook 69 - Biblioteca Hegoa

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iv - OECD Economic Outlook 69 of low-productivity units, especially in mature industries, and the entry of firms in ICT-related industries is also key in fostering productivity growth. Many firms enter and exit most markets every year. The competition process that removes the least efficient is most vigorous among young firms, especially if they are small. Ignazio Visco Head of the Economics Department
TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial .......................................................................................................................................................................... ix I. General assessment of the macroeconomic situation ................................................................... 1 Overview of the current situation and prospects ...................................................................................................... 1 Financial risks in a weaker world economy ............................................................................................................. 11 The global implications of a weaker US economy .................................................................................................. 21 Policy requirements in OECD countries .................................................................................................................. 28 Appendix: The medium-term reference scenario ..................................................................................................... 41 II. Developments in individual OECD countries ................................................................................. 47 United States ........................ 47 Japan ..................................... 52 Germany ............................... 57 France ................................... 61 Italy ...................................... 65 United Kingdom ................... 69 Canada .................................. 73 Australia ............................... 77 Austria .................................. 80 Belgium ................................ 83 Czech Republic .................... 86 Denmark ............................... 89 Finland .................................. 92 Greece ................................... 94 Hungary ................................ 96 Iceland .................................. 98 Ireland ................................... 100 Korea .................................... 103 Luxembourg ......................... 105 Mexico .................................. 107 Netherlands ........................... 109 New Zealand ......................... 112 Norway ................................. 115 Poland ................................... 118 Portugal ................................. 121 Slovak Republic .................... 124 Spain ..................................... 126 Sweden .................................. 129 Switzerland ........................... 132 Turkey ................................... 134 III. Developments in selected non-member economies ....................................................................... 137 China ........................................................................................................................................................................ 140 The Russian Federation ............................................................................................................................................ 141 Brazil ........................................................................................................................................................................ 143 IV. Fiscal implications of ageing: projections of age-related spending ...................................... 145 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 145 The baseline projections ........................................................................................................................................... 147 Sensitivity tests ........................................................................................................................................................ 162 What are the policy options? .................................................................................................................................... 163 V. Challenges for tax policy in OECD countries .................................................................................. 169 Trends in tax receipts and structure ......................................................................................................................... 170 Taxation of saving and business activity .................................................................................................................. 175 Taxation and the performance of labour and product markets ................................................................................. 178 Tax compliance, enforcement and decentralisation ................................................................................................. 181 VI. Encouraging environmentally sustainable growth: experience in OECD countries ... 187 Increased use of economic instruments in environmental policy ............................................................................ 187 Policy implementation: competitiveness and distributional obstacles ..................................................................... 195 Policy implementation: sectoral issues .................................................................................................................... 198 Institutions for co-ordination ................................................................................................................................... 200 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 205 VII. Productivity and firm dynamics: evidence from microdata .................................................... 209 Introduction and summary ....................................................................................................................................... 209 The role of firm-level data for the analysis of productivity dynamics ..................................................................... 210 Productivity developments: the role of reallocation and within-firm growth .......................................................... 212 Firm dynamics and survival ..................................................................................................................................... 216 Some policy considerations ..................................................................................................................................... 221 © OECD 2001
Page 1 and 2: OECD Economic Outlook ECONOMICS «
Page 3 and 4: OECD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 69 JUNE 2001
Page 5: FOREWORD This edition of the OECD E
Page 9 and 10: Table of contents - vii I.5. Profit
Page 11 and 12: EDITORIAL Economic growth in the OE
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44 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Per c
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II. DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIVIDUAL OECD
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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Household
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the long-run tax cut will be introd
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Japan: Employment, income and infla
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Japan: External indicators 1998 199
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Germany Developments in individual
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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Household
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France Developments in individual O
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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Household
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Italy Developments in individual OE
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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Household
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United Kingdom Developments in indi
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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Household
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Canada Developments in individual O
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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Household
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86 Australia Developments in indivi
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cially after the RBA’s recent int
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Austria: Demand, output and prices
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Belgium Developments in individual
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contribution of net exports to grow
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Czech Republic: Demand, output and
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Denmark Developments in individual
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hold incomes recover. Although expo
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Finland: Demand, output and prices
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Greece: Demand, output and prices 1
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Hungary: Demand, output and prices
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Iceland: Demand, output and prices
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Ireland: Demand, output and prices
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Korea Developments in individual OE
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Luxembourg Developments in individu
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Mexico Developments in individual O
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Netherlands Developments in individ
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age this year, mainly reflecting ta
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New Zealand: Demand, output and pri
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Norway Developments in individual O
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There are substantial risks to the
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Poland: Demand, output and prices 1
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Portugal Developments in individual
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especially as the deficit has been
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Slovak Republic: Demand, output and
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Spain: Demand, output and prices 19
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Sweden Developments in individual O
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Despite recent indicators suggestin
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Switzerland: Demand, output and pri
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Turkey: Demand, output and prices 1
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III. DEVELOPMENTS IN SELECTED NON-M
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Substantial progress has been made
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with a 7 per cent increase in urban
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the current account should remain q
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IV. FISCAL IMPLICATIONS OF AGEING:
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Third, in any case, projections ove
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The baseline projections for public
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Old-age pension spending Levels of
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Old-age pension spending trends to
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Fiscal implications of ageing: proj
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ment is to be maintained for all. F
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Table IV.5. Changes in spending, re
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The projected deterioration in the
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Fiscal implications of ageing: proj
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period (Table IV.6, Panel B). This
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Fiscal implications of
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170 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Tax
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172 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Tabl
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174 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Cons
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176 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 …
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180 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Prog
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182 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Ther
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184 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 coun
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VI. ENCOURAGING ENVIRONMENTALLY SUS
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Tax base Table VI.1. Use of economi
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A complication with permit trading
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A double dividend? In practice, new
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Environmental policies that are eff
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eing hit with the full tax. This av
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US$/cubic metre 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
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the economic effects of environment
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Cost-benefit analysis Encouraging e
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may play an important role in the a
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Encouraging environmen
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212 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Prod
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214 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 The
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216 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Many
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218 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Entr
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220 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Box
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222 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 BIBL
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224 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 List
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226 - OECD Economic Outlook 69 Coun
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Annex Tables Statistical Annex - 22
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© OECD 2001 Average 1973-83 1984 1
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© OECD 2001 Average 1973-83 1984 1
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© OECD 2001 Average 1973-83 1984 1
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© OECD 2001 Average 1973-83 1984 1
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© OECD 2001 Average 1973-83 1984 1
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 11. Output
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 13. Unit l
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© OECD 2001 Average 1973-83 1984 1
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 17. Oil an
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© OECD 2001 Average 1973-83 Annex
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 21. Unempl
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 23. Labour
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 27. Gross
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 29 . Gener
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 31. Genera
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© OECD 2001 1983 1984 1985 1986 An
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 39. Effect
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 41. Import
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 43. Import
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© OECD 2001 1983 1984 1985 1986 An
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 47. Shares
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 49. Non-fa
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 51. Curren
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© OECD 2001 Annex Table 53. Struct
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Annex Table 54. (cont'd) Semiannual
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Annex Table 56. Contributions to ch
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Annex Table 57. Household wealth an
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Annex Table 61. Monetary and credit
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Annex Table 63. Geographical struct
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OTHER OECD STATISTICAL SERIES ON DI
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For customers in Austria, Germany a
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