OECD Economic Outlook 69 - Biblioteca Hegoa
OECD Economic Outlook 69 - Biblioteca Hegoa
OECD Economic Outlook 69 - Biblioteca Hegoa
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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
Editorial .......................................................................................................................................................................... ix<br />
I. General assessment of the macroeconomic situation ................................................................... 1<br />
Overview of the current situation and prospects ...................................................................................................... 1<br />
Financial risks in a weaker world economy ............................................................................................................. 11<br />
The global implications of a weaker US economy .................................................................................................. 21<br />
Policy requirements in <strong>OECD</strong> countries .................................................................................................................. 28<br />
Appendix: The medium-term reference scenario ..................................................................................................... 41<br />
II. Developments in individual <strong>OECD</strong> countries ................................................................................. 47<br />
United States ........................ 47<br />
Japan ..................................... 52<br />
Germany ............................... 57<br />
France ................................... 61<br />
Italy ...................................... 65<br />
United Kingdom ................... <strong>69</strong><br />
Canada .................................. 73<br />
Australia ............................... 77<br />
Austria .................................. 80<br />
Belgium ................................ 83<br />
Czech Republic .................... 86<br />
Denmark ............................... 89<br />
Finland .................................. 92<br />
Greece ................................... 94<br />
Hungary ................................ 96<br />
Iceland .................................. 98<br />
Ireland ................................... 100<br />
Korea .................................... 103<br />
Luxembourg ......................... 105<br />
Mexico .................................. 107<br />
Netherlands ........................... 109<br />
New Zealand ......................... 112<br />
Norway ................................. 115<br />
Poland ................................... 118<br />
Portugal ................................. 121<br />
Slovak Republic .................... 124<br />
Spain ..................................... 126<br />
Sweden .................................. 129<br />
Switzerland ........................... 132<br />
Turkey ................................... 134<br />
III. Developments in selected non-member economies ....................................................................... 137<br />
China ........................................................................................................................................................................ 140<br />
The Russian Federation ............................................................................................................................................ 141<br />
Brazil ........................................................................................................................................................................ 143<br />
IV. Fiscal implications of ageing: projections of age-related spending ...................................... 145<br />
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 145<br />
The baseline projections ........................................................................................................................................... 147<br />
Sensitivity tests ........................................................................................................................................................ 162<br />
What are the policy options? .................................................................................................................................... 163<br />
V. Challenges for tax policy in <strong>OECD</strong> countries .................................................................................. 1<strong>69</strong><br />
Trends in tax receipts and structure ......................................................................................................................... 170<br />
Taxation of saving and business activity .................................................................................................................. 175<br />
Taxation and the performance of labour and product markets ................................................................................. 178<br />
Tax compliance, enforcement and decentralisation ................................................................................................. 181<br />
VI. Encouraging environmentally sustainable growth: experience in <strong>OECD</strong> countries ... 187<br />
Increased use of economic instruments in environmental policy ............................................................................ 187<br />
Policy implementation: competitiveness and distributional obstacles ..................................................................... 195<br />
Policy implementation: sectoral issues .................................................................................................................... 198<br />
Institutions for co-ordination ................................................................................................................................... 200<br />
Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 205<br />
VII. Productivity and firm dynamics: evidence from microdata .................................................... 209<br />
Introduction and summary ....................................................................................................................................... 209<br />
The role of firm-level data for the analysis of productivity dynamics ..................................................................... 210<br />
Productivity developments: the role of reallocation and within-firm growth .......................................................... 212<br />
Firm dynamics and survival ..................................................................................................................................... 216<br />
Some policy considerations ..................................................................................................................................... 221<br />
© <strong>OECD</strong> 2001