an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle

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Type of forages Y N OR 95% CL P Value Maize silage 26 198 2.12 1.21-3.70 0.006 source of forages home made grass silage 61 778 0.22 0.06-0.84 0.02 methods of feeding: - outdoor ring feeders for maize silage 12 36 5.00 1.47-17.98 0.005 ring feeders for grass silage 42 365 1.98 1.0-4.01 0.05 ring feeders for hay 15 115 4.08 1.21-15.17 0.01 ring feeder for straw 17 117 5.23 1.38-23.39 0.009 methods of feeding : - indoor ring feeders for grass silage 42 321 2.72 1.54-4.83
1.29-18.22) whereas straw bedding in houses other than cubicles and loose yards was associated with a decreased risk of disease (OR 0.0, CL 0.0-1.05) (Table 3 18). (v) General management: a) Cases of Listeriosis in other animals: Reporting cases of Listeriosis in beef cattle (OR 51.4, CL 12.63-243.04) and in sheep (OR 3.94, CL 1.55-9.71) was associated with an increased risk of reporting silage eye cases (Table 3. 18). b) Vaccine use: Vaccinating animals against Leptospirosis was associated with an increased risk of disease (OR 1.77, CL 1.01-3.10) (Table 3. 18). c) Mole hills: The presence of mole hills in fields was associated with an increased risk of reporting silage eye (OR 1.80, CL 1.01-3.23) (Table 3. 18). Table 3. 18 The relationship between housing, general management and silage eye Housing Y N OR 95% CL P Value straw as bedding 62 686 4.79 1.12-29.11 0.03 Straw bedding in cubicles 52 502 4.42 1.29-18.22 0.01 straw bedding in others 0 56 0.0 0.0-1.05 0.05 Listeriosis in other animals Beef cattle 11 3 51.4 12.63-243.04
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AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LISTERI
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In the second part of the study a l
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I would like to thank to Metin Oztu
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DECLARATION I declare that apart fr
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2. 2. Materials and Methods 47 2. 2
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4. 4. Discussion 125 CHAPTER 5 A pi
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CHAPTER 1 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE
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Table 3. 11. The relationship betwe
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CHAPTER 5 Table 5. 1. Date of visit
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Figure 6. 4. The monthly faecal exc
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Listeralla hepatolytica. In the sam
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Listeriolysin O (Fernandaz-Garayzab
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L. monocytogenes was the only recog
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Table 1. 2. Serovar distribution of
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Serotyping is based on the identifi
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electrophoresis. Different strains
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and others (1995) came to the concl
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animals suggests that L. monocytoge
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Immunity reducing Septicaemia facto
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monocytogenes and a prerequisite to
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a variable number of cases of encep
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The relationship between age and Li
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a reservoir from which it spreads t
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1. 8. Clinical signs and pathology
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is seldom clinical illness in the d
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Bacterial culture is widely used fo
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Differential diagnosis: Listerial m
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Since elimination of L. monocytogen
Page 57 and 58: first description, it was only 1980
Page 59 and 60: and meat products have resulted in
Page 61 and 62: infectious dose for the infection i
Page 63 and 64: a longitudinal study involving five
Page 65 and 66: in Britain. In this part of the stu
Page 67 and 68: groups were excluded from analysis.
Page 69 and 70: The proportions of farms with cases
Page 71 and 72: Table 2. 3. The proportion of anima
Page 73 and 74: percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
Page 75 and 76: Milking cows (%) Rep. heifers (%) D
Page 77 and 78: Abortion 274 (57.8%) 28 (21.9%) Ner
Page 79 and 80: with others (Kanuk and Berenson 197
Page 81 and 82: occurred in replacement heifers and
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 3 The relationship between
Page 85 and 86: (ii) Cases in milking cows: Farms r
Page 87 and 88: To assess the relationship between
Page 89 and 90: ) Duration of housing: If animals w
Page 91 and 92: d) Presence of moles: Farmers were
Page 93 and 94: listeriosis. Maize silage feeding a
Page 95 and 96: found between the duration of feedi
Page 97 and 98: a) Type of housing : Housing animal
Page 99 and 100: Herd sizes n Y N OR P value x Y N O
Page 101 and 102: of disease. Similarly storing feed
Page 103 and 104: a) Type of forages: Feeding maize s
Page 105 and 106: ) Use of bedding: Using straw beddi
Page 107: ) Source of forages: Home made gras
Page 111 and 112: 100 2 34 2.33 0.01 X 2 22 3.35 0.01
Page 113 and 114: a) Dung disposal: Storage of manure
Page 115 and 116: vaccination against Leptospirosis +
Page 117 and 118: suppression of the growth of Lister
Page 119 and 120: 1989, Sargison 1993). It is also po
Page 121 and 122: L. monocytogenes has been isolated
Page 123 and 124: association (Kirkwood 1988, Thrusfi
Page 125 and 126: The predictor variables that met ou
Page 127 and 128: Forage feeding Maize silage Hay Str
Page 129 and 130: indoor feeding fed ad libitum on th
Page 131 and 132: cases of Listeriosis in sheep 2.9 1
Page 133 and 134: and controlling moles in fields wer
Page 135 and 136: Cases of Listeriosis in beef cattle
Page 137 and 138: This model was similar to the Model
Page 139 and 140: Table 4. 9. The multivariate relati
Page 141 and 142: 5) Nervous signs: Cases of Listerio
Page 143 and 144: feeders, maize silage feeding in ri
Page 145 and 146: A contradictory finding was made ab
Page 147 and 148: selective enrichment broth, at refr
Page 149 and 150: growth of some strains of Listeria
Page 151 and 152: 5. 2. 2. Bacteriology : a) Culture
Page 153 and 154: culturing negative LSEB (1/10w/v) s
Page 155 and 156: 6) Sugar tests: Listeria are capabl
Page 157 and 158: uffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, centr
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Investigation of non-specific bindi
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and 0.94 for L. monocytogenes (17/1
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Detection limit of the method: A si
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Relationship between housing, silag
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5 13 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 6 14 1 4 5 3 1 0
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Table 5. 11. The relationship betwe
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frequency of isolation of L. monocy
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CHAPTER 6 A study of the dynamic of
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There were no sample size calculati
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4 of the farms had their silage ana
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a) Faecal samples: Faecal samples w
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• • • 1 5 9 6. 2. 5. Sample p
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A total of 944 isolates of L. monoc
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UK), 0.5μM DNA primer, 1 unit Supe
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entered and left the herd over the
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Table 6. 7. Monthly frequency of ex
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Table 6. 8. The relationship betwee
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(MA) mean age, (n) number, (R) rang
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frequency of excretion (P
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There was no evidence from this far
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) Environmental samples: Both L. in
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monocytogenes. By April the proport
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A total of 211 milking cows were ex
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100 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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The number of new cases each month
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monocytogenes was also isolated fro
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Table 6. 18 The isolates, their ori
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Table 6. 19. The distribution of th
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On farm C pattern 1 was detected in
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Figure 6. 8. The repeatability of R
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Figure 6. 10. The distribution of s
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Figure 6. 12a. The RAPD pattern obt
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1988, Husu 1990) and from zero to a
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experimentally been shown that ther
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periods. However, on farms B and E
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A large number of L. monocytogenes
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Figure 6. 13. Animal-environment cy
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Some important farming practices we
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chance finding of L. monocytogenes
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Asahi, O., Hosoda, T. and Akuyama,
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Bourry, A. and Poutrel, B. (1996) B
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Chakraborty, T., Ebel, F., Wehland,
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delGarso, L. and Wallop, W. (1975)
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Eveland, W.C. (1963) Demonstration
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Fraser, J.A. and Sperber, W.H. (198
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Golden, D.A, Beuchat, L.R. and Brac
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humans. In Miller, A.J.,. Smith, J.
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Jones, F.S. and Little, R.B. (1934)
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Listeria innocua by oral inoculatio
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Low, J.C. and Donachie, W.A. (1997)
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McBride, M.E. and Girard, K.F. (196
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Nieman, R.E. and Lorber, B. (1980)
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Peters, M., Pohlenz, J., Jaton, K.,
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Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hy
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Seeliger, H.P.R. (1981) Apathogenic
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Tilney, L.G. and Portnoy, D.A. (198
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Walker, J.K., Morgan, J.H., McLauch
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APPENDIX 3 PREPARATION OF BACTERIOL
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Cool to 50 0 C Mix Solution A with
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Phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 10x
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APPENDIX 2 THE OVERALL RESULTS OF U
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Grass silage Y N OR (95% CL) p Valu
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storage Y N OR (95% CL) p Value cla
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source home made 38 182 0.6 (0.1-16
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source home made 34 345 0.8 (0.3-2.
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source barley 27 251 0.93(0.6-1.6)
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source potatoes 2 11 1.4 (0.-7.7) 0
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in a covered barn 73 595 0.8 (0.4-1
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sawdust 0 16 0.0 (0.0-2.73) 0.3 str
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APPENDIX 5 THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND TH
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Abbreviations: 1 first blood sampli
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B 113 1 114 1 115 1 116 1 117 1 118
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B 104 1 104 2 104 3 105 1 105 2 105
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B 20 1 20 2 20 3 21 1 21 2 21 3 19
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0.169 1.157 1.134 1.467 1.356 0.145
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Plate 4 Layout and ODs B 73 1 73 2
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UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL LISTERIOSIS I
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PART C : HERD SIZE :--BETWEEN JULY
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(please circle one for each) 3. Wha
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etween which months were your milki
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not stored beneath the slats compos
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STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
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STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
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Now I would like to get some detail
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Root crops : ______________________
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In this section I will be asking qu
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33. Which days of the week bulk tan
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-what was used to treat? -what was
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an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle

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