an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle
an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle
an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle
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<strong>in</strong>door feed<strong>in</strong>g<br />
fed<br />
ad libitum<br />
on the floor<br />
<strong>in</strong> r<strong>in</strong>g feeders<br />
Hous<strong>in</strong>g<br />
housed<br />
cubicles<br />
used<br />
type <strong>of</strong> bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
sawdust<br />
straw<br />
General<br />
m<strong>an</strong>agement<br />
1) Overall cases:<br />
number <strong>of</strong> cuts<br />
type <strong>of</strong> harvester<br />
mower conditioner<br />
wilt<strong>in</strong>g<br />
use <strong>of</strong> bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
add<strong>in</strong>g bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
remov<strong>in</strong>g bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
cle<strong>an</strong><strong>in</strong>g out<br />
loose yard<br />
used<br />
type <strong>of</strong> bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
pasture m<strong>an</strong>agement<br />
spread dung on the<br />
field<br />
graz<strong>in</strong>g beef <strong>cattle</strong><br />
graz<strong>in</strong>g sheep<br />
storage<br />
big bale<br />
storage <strong>of</strong> big bale<br />
outside uncovered<br />
sawdust<br />
straw<br />
use <strong>of</strong> bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
add<strong>in</strong>g bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
remov<strong>in</strong>g bedd<strong>in</strong>g<br />
cle<strong>an</strong><strong>in</strong>g out<br />
other houses<br />
Listeriosis <strong>in</strong> others<br />
beef <strong>cattle</strong><br />
sheep<br />
Vacc<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Leptospirosis<br />
clamp use<br />
separate clamp<br />
seal<strong>in</strong>g clamp<br />
forage <strong>an</strong>alysis<br />
pH <strong>of</strong> Clamp 1<br />
dung disposal<br />
solid m<strong>an</strong>ure<br />
slurry<br />
storage<br />
not stored<br />
Lung worm<br />
mole hills<br />
<strong>in</strong> grass silage field<br />
controll<strong>in</strong>g moles<br />
After adjust<strong>in</strong>g for possible confounders, 9 variables were found to be associated<br />
with either <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g or decreas<strong>in</strong>g risk <strong>of</strong> report<strong>in</strong>g <strong>listeriosis</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>dairy</strong> <strong>cattle</strong>.<br />
Cases <strong>of</strong> Listeriosis <strong>in</strong> beef <strong>cattle</strong>: The presence <strong>of</strong> Listeriosis <strong>in</strong> beef <strong>cattle</strong> was<br />
associated with <strong>an</strong> <strong>in</strong>creased risk <strong>of</strong> the disease, OR 23.5 (CL 5.5-100) (Table 4. 2).<br />
Cases <strong>of</strong> Listeriosis <strong>in</strong> sheep: Listeriosis <strong>in</strong> sheep was associated with <strong>an</strong> <strong>in</strong>creased risk<br />
<strong>of</strong> disease (OR 2.9, CL 1.0-8.2) (Table 4. 2).
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