an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle

More documents

Recommendations

Info

All year 1 3 2.53 0.3 X storage clamp 5 27 1.5 (0.4-5.3) 0.7 silo 0 2 0.0 (0.0-32.4) 0.6 Housing Y N OR (95% CL) p Value housed 91 775 1.5 (0.3-9.6) 0.8 duration of housing not housed 2 26 1.00 6 months 23 269 1.11 all year 1 9 1.44 0.26 X Bedding: Sawdust Y N OR (95% CL) p Value used 12 146 0.6 (0.3-1.3) 0.2 source home made 0 1 0.0 (0.0-234.8) 0.1 purchased 12 135 ? 0.6 storage in a covered barn 11 121 2.5 (0.3-53.9) 0.6 outside covered 0 10 0.0 (0.0-7.1) 0.75 Bedding: Straw Y N OR (95% CL) p Value used 85 668 2.2 (0.9-5.7) 0.09 source home made 34 257 1.1 (0.7-1.7) 0.9 purchased 56 472 0.8 (0.5-1.3) 0.4 storage
in a covered barn 73 595 0.8 (0.4-1.5) 0.5 outside covered 6 55 0.9 (0.3-2.2) 0.9 outside uncovered 13 85 1.2 (0.6-2.4) 0.6 month of making drying July 8 63 1.00 August 28 193 1.14 September 3 41 0.58 0.5 X dried 34 264 1.02 (0.62-1.6) 0.9 days 0 R 51 396 1.00 1 7 73 0.74 2 11 82 1.04 3 16 109 1.14 0.7 X big bale straw 26 163 1.4 (0.8-2.3) 0.3 type of straw wheat 18 110 1.34 (0.7-2.5) 0.4 barley 10 106 0.77 (0.35-1.66) 0.6 combinations 12 85 1.2 (0.57-2.47) 0.7 Type of housing: Cubicles Y N OR (95% CL) p Value used 77 608 1.5 (0.8-2.9) 0.2 type of floor earth 13 88 1.2 (0.6-2.4) 0.7 hard core 6 62 0.7 (0.3-1.9) 0.6 concrete 55 461 0.8 (0.5-1.4) 0.5
Page 1 and 2:
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LISTERI
Page 3 and 4:
In the second part of the study a l
Page 5 and 6:
I would like to thank to Metin Oztu
Page 7 and 8:
DECLARATION I declare that apart fr
Page 9 and 10:
2. 2. Materials and Methods 47 2. 2
Page 11 and 12:
4. 4. Discussion 125 CHAPTER 5 A pi
Page 13 and 14:
CHAPTER 1 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE
Page 15 and 16:
Table 3. 11. The relationship betwe
Page 17 and 18:
CHAPTER 5 Table 5. 1. Date of visit
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 6. 4. The monthly faecal exc
Page 21 and 22:
Listeralla hepatolytica. In the sam
Page 23 and 24:
Listeriolysin O (Fernandaz-Garayzab
Page 25 and 26:
L. monocytogenes was the only recog
Page 27 and 28:
Table 1. 2. Serovar distribution of
Page 29 and 30:
Serotyping is based on the identifi
Page 31 and 32:
electrophoresis. Different strains
Page 33 and 34:
and others (1995) came to the concl
Page 35 and 36:
animals suggests that L. monocytoge
Page 37 and 38:
Immunity reducing Septicaemia facto
Page 39 and 40:
monocytogenes and a prerequisite to
Page 41 and 42:
a variable number of cases of encep
Page 43 and 44:
The relationship between age and Li
Page 45 and 46:
a reservoir from which it spreads t
Page 47 and 48:
1. 8. Clinical signs and pathology
Page 49 and 50:
is seldom clinical illness in the d
Page 51 and 52:
Bacterial culture is widely used fo
Page 53 and 54:
Differential diagnosis: Listerial m
Page 55 and 56:
Since elimination of L. monocytogen
Page 57 and 58:
first description, it was only 1980
Page 59 and 60:
and meat products have resulted in
Page 61 and 62:
infectious dose for the infection i
Page 63 and 64:
a longitudinal study involving five
Page 65 and 66:
in Britain. In this part of the stu
Page 67 and 68:
groups were excluded from analysis.
Page 69 and 70:
The proportions of farms with cases
Page 71 and 72:
Table 2. 3. The proportion of anima
Page 73 and 74:
percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
Page 75 and 76:
Milking cows (%) Rep. heifers (%) D
Page 77 and 78:
Abortion 274 (57.8%) 28 (21.9%) Ner
Page 79 and 80:
with others (Kanuk and Berenson 197
Page 81 and 82:
occurred in replacement heifers and
Page 83 and 84:
CHAPTER 3 The relationship between
Page 85 and 86:
(ii) Cases in milking cows: Farms r
Page 87 and 88:
To assess the relationship between
Page 89 and 90:
) Duration of housing: If animals w
Page 91 and 92:
d) Presence of moles: Farmers were
Page 93 and 94:
listeriosis. Maize silage feeding a
Page 95 and 96:
found between the duration of feedi
Page 97 and 98:
a) Type of housing : Housing animal
Page 99 and 100:
Herd sizes n Y N OR P value x Y N O
Page 101 and 102:
of disease. Similarly storing feed
Page 103 and 104:
a) Type of forages: Feeding maize s
Page 105 and 106:
) Use of bedding: Using straw beddi
Page 107 and 108:
) Source of forages: Home made gras
Page 109 and 110:
1.29-18.22) whereas straw bedding i
Page 111 and 112:
100 2 34 2.33 0.01 X 2 22 3.35 0.01
Page 113 and 114:
a) Dung disposal: Storage of manure
Page 115 and 116:
vaccination against Leptospirosis +
Page 117 and 118:
suppression of the growth of Lister
Page 119 and 120:
1989, Sargison 1993). It is also po
Page 121 and 122:
L. monocytogenes has been isolated
Page 123 and 124:
association (Kirkwood 1988, Thrusfi
Page 125 and 126:
The predictor variables that met ou
Page 127 and 128:
Forage feeding Maize silage Hay Str
Page 129 and 130:
indoor feeding fed ad libitum on th
Page 131 and 132:
cases of Listeriosis in sheep 2.9 1
Page 133 and 134:
and controlling moles in fields wer
Page 135 and 136:
Cases of Listeriosis in beef cattle
Page 137 and 138:
This model was similar to the Model
Page 139 and 140:
Table 4. 9. The multivariate relati
Page 141 and 142:
5) Nervous signs: Cases of Listerio
Page 143 and 144:
feeders, maize silage feeding in ri
Page 145 and 146:
A contradictory finding was made ab
Page 147 and 148:
selective enrichment broth, at refr
Page 149 and 150:
growth of some strains of Listeria
Page 151 and 152:
5. 2. 2. Bacteriology : a) Culture
Page 153 and 154:
culturing negative LSEB (1/10w/v) s
Page 155 and 156:
6) Sugar tests: Listeria are capabl
Page 157 and 158:
uffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, centr
Page 159 and 160:
Investigation of non-specific bindi
Page 161 and 162:
and 0.94 for L. monocytogenes (17/1
Page 163 and 164:
Detection limit of the method: A si
Page 165 and 166:
Relationship between housing, silag
Page 167 and 168:
5 13 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 6 14 1 4 5 3 1 0
Page 169 and 170:
Table 5. 11. The relationship betwe
Page 171 and 172:
frequency of isolation of L. monocy
Page 173 and 174:
CHAPTER 6 A study of the dynamic of
Page 175 and 176:
There were no sample size calculati
Page 177 and 178:
4 of the farms had their silage ana
Page 179 and 180:
a) Faecal samples: Faecal samples w
Page 181 and 182:
• • • 1 5 9 6. 2. 5. Sample p
Page 183 and 184:
A total of 944 isolates of L. monoc
Page 185 and 186:
UK), 0.5μM DNA primer, 1 unit Supe
Page 187 and 188:
entered and left the herd over the
Page 189 and 190:
Table 6. 7. Monthly frequency of ex
Page 191 and 192:
Table 6. 8. The relationship betwee
Page 193 and 194:
(MA) mean age, (n) number, (R) rang
Page 195 and 196:
frequency of excretion (P
Page 197 and 198:
There was no evidence from this far
Page 199 and 200:
) Environmental samples: Both L. in
Page 201 and 202:
monocytogenes. By April the proport
Page 203 and 204:
A total of 211 milking cows were ex
Page 205 and 206:
100 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 207 and 208:
The number of new cases each month
Page 209 and 210:
monocytogenes was also isolated fro
Page 211 and 212:
Table 6. 18 The isolates, their ori
Page 213 and 214:
Table 6. 19. The distribution of th
Page 215 and 216:
On farm C pattern 1 was detected in
Page 217 and 218:
Figure 6. 8. The repeatability of R
Page 219 and 220:
Figure 6. 10. The distribution of s
Page 221 and 222:
Figure 6. 12a. The RAPD pattern obt
Page 223 and 224:
1988, Husu 1990) and from zero to a
Page 225 and 226:
experimentally been shown that ther
Page 227 and 228:
periods. However, on farms B and E
Page 229 and 230:
A large number of L. monocytogenes
Page 231 and 232:
Figure 6. 13. Animal-environment cy
Page 233 and 234:
Some important farming practices we
Page 235 and 236:
chance finding of L. monocytogenes
Page 237 and 238:
Asahi, O., Hosoda, T. and Akuyama,
Page 239 and 240:
Bourry, A. and Poutrel, B. (1996) B
Page 241 and 242: Chakraborty, T., Ebel, F., Wehland,
Page 243 and 244: delGarso, L. and Wallop, W. (1975)
Page 245 and 246: Eveland, W.C. (1963) Demonstration
Page 247 and 248: Fraser, J.A. and Sperber, W.H. (198
Page 249 and 250: Golden, D.A, Beuchat, L.R. and Brac
Page 251 and 252: humans. In Miller, A.J.,. Smith, J.
Page 253 and 254: Jones, F.S. and Little, R.B. (1934)
Page 255 and 256: Listeria innocua by oral inoculatio
Page 257 and 258: Low, J.C. and Donachie, W.A. (1997)
Page 259 and 260: McBride, M.E. and Girard, K.F. (196
Page 261 and 262: Nieman, R.E. and Lorber, B. (1980)
Page 263 and 264: Peters, M., Pohlenz, J., Jaton, K.,
Page 265 and 266: Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hy
Page 267 and 268: Seeliger, H.P.R. (1981) Apathogenic
Page 269 and 270: Tilney, L.G. and Portnoy, D.A. (198
Page 271 and 272: Walker, J.K., Morgan, J.H., McLauch
Page 273 and 274: APPENDIX 3 PREPARATION OF BACTERIOL
Page 275 and 276: Cool to 50 0 C Mix Solution A with
Page 277 and 278: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 10x
Page 279 and 280: APPENDIX 2 THE OVERALL RESULTS OF U
Page 281 and 282: Grass silage Y N OR (95% CL) p Valu
Page 283 and 284: storage Y N OR (95% CL) p Value cla
Page 285 and 286: source home made 38 182 0.6 (0.1-16
Page 287 and 288: source home made 34 345 0.8 (0.3-2.
Page 289 and 290: source barley 27 251 0.93(0.6-1.6)
Page 291: source potatoes 2 11 1.4 (0.-7.7) 0
Page 295 and 296: sawdust 0 16 0.0 (0.0-2.73) 0.3 str
Page 297 and 298: APPENDIX 5 THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND TH
Page 299 and 300: Abbreviations: 1 first blood sampli
Page 301 and 302: B 113 1 114 1 115 1 116 1 117 1 118
Page 303 and 304: B 104 1 104 2 104 3 105 1 105 2 105
Page 305 and 306: B 20 1 20 2 20 3 21 1 21 2 21 3 19
Page 307 and 308: 0.169 1.157 1.134 1.467 1.356 0.145
Page 309 and 310: Plate 4 Layout and ODs B 73 1 73 2
Page 312 and 313: UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL LISTERIOSIS I
Page 314 and 315: PART C : HERD SIZE :--BETWEEN JULY
Page 316 and 317: (please circle one for each) 3. Wha
Page 318 and 319: etween which months were your milki
Page 320 and 321: not stored beneath the slats compos
Page 322 and 323: STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
Page 324 and 325: STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
Page 326 and 327: Now I would like to get some detail
Page 328 and 329: Root crops : ______________________
Page 330 and 331: In this section I will be asking qu
Page 332 and 333: 33. Which days of the week bulk tan
Page 334 and 335: -what was used to treat? -what was
show all

an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?