- Page 1 and 2: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LISTERI
- Page 3 and 4: In the second part of the study a l
- Page 5 and 6: I would like to thank to Metin Oztu
- Page 7 and 8: DECLARATION I declare that apart fr
- Page 9 and 10: 2. 2. Materials and Methods 47 2. 2
- Page 11 and 12: 4. 4. Discussion 125 CHAPTER 5 A pi
- Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE
- Page 15 and 16: Table 3. 11. The relationship betwe
- Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 5 Table 5. 1. Date of visit
- Page 19 and 20: Figure 6. 4. The monthly faecal exc
- Page 21 and 22: Listeralla hepatolytica. In the sam
- Page 23 and 24: Listeriolysin O (Fernandaz-Garayzab
- Page 25: L. monocytogenes was the only recog
- Page 29 and 30: Serotyping is based on the identifi
- Page 31 and 32: electrophoresis. Different strains
- Page 33 and 34: and others (1995) came to the concl
- Page 35 and 36: animals suggests that L. monocytoge
- Page 37 and 38: Immunity reducing Septicaemia facto
- Page 39 and 40: monocytogenes and a prerequisite to
- Page 41 and 42: a variable number of cases of encep
- Page 43 and 44: The relationship between age and Li
- Page 45 and 46: a reservoir from which it spreads t
- Page 47 and 48: 1. 8. Clinical signs and pathology
- Page 49 and 50: is seldom clinical illness in the d
- Page 51 and 52: Bacterial culture is widely used fo
- Page 53 and 54: Differential diagnosis: Listerial m
- Page 55 and 56: Since elimination of L. monocytogen
- Page 57 and 58: first description, it was only 1980
- Page 59 and 60: and meat products have resulted in
- Page 61 and 62: infectious dose for the infection i
- Page 63 and 64: a longitudinal study involving five
- Page 65 and 66: in Britain. In this part of the stu
- Page 67 and 68: groups were excluded from analysis.
- Page 69 and 70: The proportions of farms with cases
- Page 71 and 72: Table 2. 3. The proportion of anima
- Page 73 and 74: percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
- Page 75 and 76: Milking cows (%) Rep. heifers (%) D
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Abortion 274 (57.8%) 28 (21.9%) Ner
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with others (Kanuk and Berenson 197
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occurred in replacement heifers and
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CHAPTER 3 The relationship between
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(ii) Cases in milking cows: Farms r
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To assess the relationship between
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) Duration of housing: If animals w
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d) Presence of moles: Farmers were
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listeriosis. Maize silage feeding a
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found between the duration of feedi
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a) Type of housing : Housing animal
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Herd sizes n Y N OR P value x Y N O
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of disease. Similarly storing feed
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a) Type of forages: Feeding maize s
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) Use of bedding: Using straw beddi
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) Source of forages: Home made gras
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1.29-18.22) whereas straw bedding i
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100 2 34 2.33 0.01 X 2 22 3.35 0.01
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a) Dung disposal: Storage of manure
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vaccination against Leptospirosis +
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suppression of the growth of Lister
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1989, Sargison 1993). It is also po
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L. monocytogenes has been isolated
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association (Kirkwood 1988, Thrusfi
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The predictor variables that met ou
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Forage feeding Maize silage Hay Str
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indoor feeding fed ad libitum on th
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cases of Listeriosis in sheep 2.9 1
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and controlling moles in fields wer
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Cases of Listeriosis in beef cattle
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This model was similar to the Model
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Table 4. 9. The multivariate relati
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5) Nervous signs: Cases of Listerio
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feeders, maize silage feeding in ri
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A contradictory finding was made ab
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selective enrichment broth, at refr
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growth of some strains of Listeria
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5. 2. 2. Bacteriology : a) Culture
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culturing negative LSEB (1/10w/v) s
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6) Sugar tests: Listeria are capabl
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uffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, centr
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Investigation of non-specific bindi
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and 0.94 for L. monocytogenes (17/1
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Detection limit of the method: A si
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Relationship between housing, silag
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5 13 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 6 14 1 4 5 3 1 0
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Table 5. 11. The relationship betwe
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frequency of isolation of L. monocy
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CHAPTER 6 A study of the dynamic of
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There were no sample size calculati
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4 of the farms had their silage ana
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a) Faecal samples: Faecal samples w
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• • • 1 5 9 6. 2. 5. Sample p
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A total of 944 isolates of L. monoc
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UK), 0.5μM DNA primer, 1 unit Supe
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entered and left the herd over the
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Table 6. 7. Monthly frequency of ex
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Table 6. 8. The relationship betwee
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(MA) mean age, (n) number, (R) rang
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frequency of excretion (P
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There was no evidence from this far
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) Environmental samples: Both L. in
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monocytogenes. By April the proport
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A total of 211 milking cows were ex
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100 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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The number of new cases each month
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monocytogenes was also isolated fro
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Table 6. 18 The isolates, their ori
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Table 6. 19. The distribution of th
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On farm C pattern 1 was detected in
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Figure 6. 8. The repeatability of R
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Figure 6. 10. The distribution of s
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Figure 6. 12a. The RAPD pattern obt
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1988, Husu 1990) and from zero to a
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experimentally been shown that ther
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periods. However, on farms B and E
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A large number of L. monocytogenes
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Figure 6. 13. Animal-environment cy
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Some important farming practices we
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chance finding of L. monocytogenes
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Asahi, O., Hosoda, T. and Akuyama,
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Bourry, A. and Poutrel, B. (1996) B
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Chakraborty, T., Ebel, F., Wehland,
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delGarso, L. and Wallop, W. (1975)
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Eveland, W.C. (1963) Demonstration
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Fraser, J.A. and Sperber, W.H. (198
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Golden, D.A, Beuchat, L.R. and Brac
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humans. In Miller, A.J.,. Smith, J.
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Jones, F.S. and Little, R.B. (1934)
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Listeria innocua by oral inoculatio
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Low, J.C. and Donachie, W.A. (1997)
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McBride, M.E. and Girard, K.F. (196
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Nieman, R.E. and Lorber, B. (1980)
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Peters, M., Pohlenz, J., Jaton, K.,
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Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hy
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Seeliger, H.P.R. (1981) Apathogenic
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Tilney, L.G. and Portnoy, D.A. (198
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Walker, J.K., Morgan, J.H., McLauch
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APPENDIX 3 PREPARATION OF BACTERIOL
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Cool to 50 0 C Mix Solution A with
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Phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 10x
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APPENDIX 2 THE OVERALL RESULTS OF U
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Grass silage Y N OR (95% CL) p Valu
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storage Y N OR (95% CL) p Value cla
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source home made 38 182 0.6 (0.1-16
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source home made 34 345 0.8 (0.3-2.
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source barley 27 251 0.93(0.6-1.6)
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source potatoes 2 11 1.4 (0.-7.7) 0
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in a covered barn 73 595 0.8 (0.4-1
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sawdust 0 16 0.0 (0.0-2.73) 0.3 str
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APPENDIX 5 THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND TH
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Abbreviations: 1 first blood sampli
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B 113 1 114 1 115 1 116 1 117 1 118
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B 104 1 104 2 104 3 105 1 105 2 105
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B 20 1 20 2 20 3 21 1 21 2 21 3 19
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0.169 1.157 1.134 1.467 1.356 0.145
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Plate 4 Layout and ODs B 73 1 73 2
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UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL LISTERIOSIS I
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PART C : HERD SIZE :--BETWEEN JULY
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(please circle one for each) 3. Wha
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etween which months were your milki
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not stored beneath the slats compos
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STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
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STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
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Now I would like to get some detail
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Root crops : ______________________
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In this section I will be asking qu
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33. Which days of the week bulk tan
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-what was used to treat? -what was