an epidemiological study of listeriosis in dairy cattle

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discs and drums 2 2 4.9 (0.5-51.9) 0.28 mower conditioner 0 4 0.0 (0.0-7.6) 0.8 combine harvester 0 2 0.0 (0.0-20.2) 0.8 additive use used 20 99 0.97 (0.5-2.1) 0.9 inoculant 9 35 1.3 (0.5-3.2) 0.7 inoculant and enzyme 5 38 0.6 (0.2-1.7) 0.3 enzyme 3 20 0.7 (0.2-2.6) 0.7 acid and salt 2 3 3.3 (0.2-29.5) 0.5 combinations 1 3 1.6 (0.0-20.5) 0.8 storage clamp 38 168 3.85 (0.5-81.2) 0.28 silo 1 2 2.4 (0.0-35.7) 0.9 big bale NA floor of storing area compacted soil 2 9 0.98 (0.0-5.3) 0.7 concrete 33 145 1.1 (0.3-3.4) 0.8 Forage analysis: Maize silage NF Median IR p Value pH no cases 36 3.9 3.8-5.5 cases 2 4.7 3.5-5.8 0.9 DM no cases 38 30.8 27.1-34.4 cases 2 26.9 23.5-30.2 0.3 Ash no cases 25 5.0 3.8-6.2 cases 2 3.8 3.5-4.1 0.2 ME no cases 36 11.0 10.7-11.3 Hay cases 2 10.8 10.7-10.9 0.5 Y N OR (95% CL) p Value fed 40 391 0.8 (0.5-1.3) 0.9
source home made 34 345 0.8 (0.3-2.1) 0.7 purchased 7 60 1.2 (0.5-2.95) 0.8 outdoor feeding fed 26 223 1.3 (0.6-2.7) 0.6 ad libitum 0 9 0.0 (0.0-5.5) 0.6 on the ground 4 31 1.2 (0.3-4.0) 0.9 in complete diet 2 6 3.2 (0.4-19.1) 0.4 in ring feeders 19 111 2.98 (1.1-8.2) 0.02* in troughs 3 32 0.8 (0.2-3.1) 0.9 in hay racks 4 65 0.5 (0.1-1.5) 0.25 off the field 1 13 0.7 (0.0-5.4) 0.9 indoor feeding fed 33 336 0.8 (0.3-2.0) 0.7 ad libitum 0 7 0.0 (0.0-8.4) 0.8 on the floor 0 52 0.0 (0.0-0.85) 0.03* in complete diet 1 10 1.0 (0.0-8.3) 0.6 in ring feeders 22 109 4.2 (1.8-9.6)
Page 1 and 2:
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LISTERI
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In the second part of the study a l
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I would like to thank to Metin Oztu
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DECLARATION I declare that apart fr
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2. 2. Materials and Methods 47 2. 2
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4. 4. Discussion 125 CHAPTER 5 A pi
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CHAPTER 1 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE
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Table 3. 11. The relationship betwe
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CHAPTER 5 Table 5. 1. Date of visit
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Figure 6. 4. The monthly faecal exc
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Listeralla hepatolytica. In the sam
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Listeriolysin O (Fernandaz-Garayzab
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L. monocytogenes was the only recog
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Table 1. 2. Serovar distribution of
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Serotyping is based on the identifi
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electrophoresis. Different strains
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and others (1995) came to the concl
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animals suggests that L. monocytoge
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Immunity reducing Septicaemia facto
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monocytogenes and a prerequisite to
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a variable number of cases of encep
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The relationship between age and Li
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a reservoir from which it spreads t
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1. 8. Clinical signs and pathology
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is seldom clinical illness in the d
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Bacterial culture is widely used fo
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Differential diagnosis: Listerial m
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Since elimination of L. monocytogen
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first description, it was only 1980
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and meat products have resulted in
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infectious dose for the infection i
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a longitudinal study involving five
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in Britain. In this part of the stu
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groups were excluded from analysis.
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The proportions of farms with cases
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Table 2. 3. The proportion of anima
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percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
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Milking cows (%) Rep. heifers (%) D
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Abortion 274 (57.8%) 28 (21.9%) Ner
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with others (Kanuk and Berenson 197
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occurred in replacement heifers and
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CHAPTER 3 The relationship between
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(ii) Cases in milking cows: Farms r
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To assess the relationship between
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) Duration of housing: If animals w
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d) Presence of moles: Farmers were
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listeriosis. Maize silage feeding a
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found between the duration of feedi
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a) Type of housing : Housing animal
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Herd sizes n Y N OR P value x Y N O
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of disease. Similarly storing feed
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a) Type of forages: Feeding maize s
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) Use of bedding: Using straw beddi
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) Source of forages: Home made gras
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1.29-18.22) whereas straw bedding i
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100 2 34 2.33 0.01 X 2 22 3.35 0.01
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a) Dung disposal: Storage of manure
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vaccination against Leptospirosis +
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suppression of the growth of Lister
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1989, Sargison 1993). It is also po
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L. monocytogenes has been isolated
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association (Kirkwood 1988, Thrusfi
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The predictor variables that met ou
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Forage feeding Maize silage Hay Str
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indoor feeding fed ad libitum on th
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cases of Listeriosis in sheep 2.9 1
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and controlling moles in fields wer
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Cases of Listeriosis in beef cattle
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This model was similar to the Model
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Table 4. 9. The multivariate relati
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5) Nervous signs: Cases of Listerio
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feeders, maize silage feeding in ri
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A contradictory finding was made ab
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selective enrichment broth, at refr
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growth of some strains of Listeria
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5. 2. 2. Bacteriology : a) Culture
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culturing negative LSEB (1/10w/v) s
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6) Sugar tests: Listeria are capabl
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uffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, centr
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Investigation of non-specific bindi
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and 0.94 for L. monocytogenes (17/1
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Detection limit of the method: A si
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Relationship between housing, silag
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5 13 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 6 14 1 4 5 3 1 0
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Table 5. 11. The relationship betwe
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frequency of isolation of L. monocy
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CHAPTER 6 A study of the dynamic of
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There were no sample size calculati
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4 of the farms had their silage ana
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a) Faecal samples: Faecal samples w
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• • • 1 5 9 6. 2. 5. Sample p
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A total of 944 isolates of L. monoc
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UK), 0.5μM DNA primer, 1 unit Supe
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entered and left the herd over the
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Table 6. 7. Monthly frequency of ex
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Table 6. 8. The relationship betwee
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(MA) mean age, (n) number, (R) rang
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frequency of excretion (P
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There was no evidence from this far
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) Environmental samples: Both L. in
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monocytogenes. By April the proport
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A total of 211 milking cows were ex
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100 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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The number of new cases each month
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monocytogenes was also isolated fro
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Table 6. 18 The isolates, their ori
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Table 6. 19. The distribution of th
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On farm C pattern 1 was detected in
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Figure 6. 8. The repeatability of R
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Figure 6. 10. The distribution of s
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Figure 6. 12a. The RAPD pattern obt
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1988, Husu 1990) and from zero to a
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experimentally been shown that ther
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periods. However, on farms B and E
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A large number of L. monocytogenes
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Figure 6. 13. Animal-environment cy
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Some important farming practices we
Page 235 and 236: chance finding of L. monocytogenes
Page 237 and 238: Asahi, O., Hosoda, T. and Akuyama,
Page 239 and 240: Bourry, A. and Poutrel, B. (1996) B
Page 241 and 242: Chakraborty, T., Ebel, F., Wehland,
Page 243 and 244: delGarso, L. and Wallop, W. (1975)
Page 245 and 246: Eveland, W.C. (1963) Demonstration
Page 247 and 248: Fraser, J.A. and Sperber, W.H. (198
Page 249 and 250: Golden, D.A, Beuchat, L.R. and Brac
Page 251 and 252: humans. In Miller, A.J.,. Smith, J.
Page 253 and 254: Jones, F.S. and Little, R.B. (1934)
Page 255 and 256: Listeria innocua by oral inoculatio
Page 257 and 258: Low, J.C. and Donachie, W.A. (1997)
Page 259 and 260: McBride, M.E. and Girard, K.F. (196
Page 261 and 262: Nieman, R.E. and Lorber, B. (1980)
Page 263 and 264: Peters, M., Pohlenz, J., Jaton, K.,
Page 265 and 266: Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hy
Page 267 and 268: Seeliger, H.P.R. (1981) Apathogenic
Page 269 and 270: Tilney, L.G. and Portnoy, D.A. (198
Page 271 and 272: Walker, J.K., Morgan, J.H., McLauch
Page 273 and 274: APPENDIX 3 PREPARATION OF BACTERIOL
Page 275 and 276: Cool to 50 0 C Mix Solution A with
Page 277 and 278: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 10x
Page 279 and 280: APPENDIX 2 THE OVERALL RESULTS OF U
Page 281 and 282: Grass silage Y N OR (95% CL) p Valu
Page 283 and 284: storage Y N OR (95% CL) p Value cla
Page 285: source home made 38 182 0.6 (0.1-16
Page 289 and 290: source barley 27 251 0.93(0.6-1.6)
Page 291 and 292: source potatoes 2 11 1.4 (0.-7.7) 0
Page 293 and 294: in a covered barn 73 595 0.8 (0.4-1
Page 295 and 296: sawdust 0 16 0.0 (0.0-2.73) 0.3 str
Page 297 and 298: APPENDIX 5 THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND TH
Page 299 and 300: Abbreviations: 1 first blood sampli
Page 301 and 302: B 113 1 114 1 115 1 116 1 117 1 118
Page 303 and 304: B 104 1 104 2 104 3 105 1 105 2 105
Page 305 and 306: B 20 1 20 2 20 3 21 1 21 2 21 3 19
Page 307 and 308: 0.169 1.157 1.134 1.467 1.356 0.145
Page 309 and 310: Plate 4 Layout and ODs B 73 1 73 2
Page 312 and 313: UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL LISTERIOSIS I
Page 314 and 315: PART C : HERD SIZE :--BETWEEN JULY
Page 316 and 317: (please circle one for each) 3. Wha
Page 318 and 319: etween which months were your milki
Page 320 and 321: not stored beneath the slats compos
Page 322 and 323: STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
Page 324 and 325: STUDY OF LISTERIOSIS IN DAIRY CATTL
Page 326 and 327: Now I would like to get some detail
Page 328 and 329: Root crops : ______________________
Page 330 and 331: In this section I will be asking qu
Page 332 and 333: 33. Which days of the week bulk tan
Page 334 and 335: -what was used to treat? -what was
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