Ambient Air quality Monitoring Guidlines. - Maharashtra Pollution ...

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The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must not exceed 80% of the mixing ratio of NO (ppb). Only if these conditions are met, the reaction NO+O3 -----> NO2 + O2 will consume the ozone completely. (vi) Basic Calculations General equation to calculate gas mixtures, using high concentrated calibration gases from pressurized cylinders as initial source: Vx C = Cv * .____________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8 ) General equation to calculate gas mixtures, using a permeation tube system as initial source PT C = _____________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8) .F General equation to calculate gas mixtures of O3, using an O3 – generator as initial source: Co3 C = ______________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8) General equation to calculate the relative humidity, in case the humidifier ( a simple gas bubbler or wash bottle) is used: V3 RH = 100 * _______________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8) Legend C: concentration of the corresponding gas after dilution (ppm, mixing ratio) Cv : concentration of the , “initial source” (ppm, mixing ratio of the calibration gas in pressurized gas cylinders) CO3 : Source strength of the O3 – generator ( ppm/l) RH : Relative humidity (%) PT : Permeation rate ( mg/min) 100
F : factor to convert mg/m 3 ( mass concentration) to ppm ( mixing ratio) under standard conditions ( T = 0 o C; P = 1013 hPa) V1 : V8: flow rate controlled by mass flow controller no. 1 to 8 Vx : Flow rate controlled by mass flow controller no. x (x= 6,7 or 8, corresponding to the supply of the initial calibration gas) 5.2 Reasons for Poor Quality of Data The reasons for poor quality of data are as follows: (viii) Irregular Calibration of Equipments Monitoring instruments are prone to drift and may show variations in measured parameters. Calibration if not done regularly can decrease the accuracy of readings. Calibration of respirable dust sampler in terms of flow and time if not done regularly can result in errors in flow and time and hence errors in the concentrations. (ix) Improper Sample Collection, Preservation, Transportation and Analysis Loss of samples can occur if they are not stored in ice box while transporting from field to laboratory and also if ice is not kept in ice tray while sampling. Data may not be comparable if analytical methods recommended by CPCB are not followed. (x) Lack of Trained Manpower Manpower if not trained properly may not follow correct methods of sampling and analysis resulting in error in measurements. (xi) Improper Location of Monitoring Station If location of monitoring station is not representative of the area then data may not be useful for drawing any interpretation. If the location of the instrument is such that it does not satisfy the physical requirements of monitoring site such as height above ground level, distance from nearby sources etc. then data generated may not be of much use in determining status and trends. (xii) Lack of Infrastructure Infrastructure in terms of proper shed for the protection of instrument during rain, coveroff during off time if not provided may result in corrosion of instrument and error in data generated. 101
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are
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The Central Pollution Control Board
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S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
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(viii) High population exodus to th
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a) Seasonal Variation in Carbon Mon
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Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
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3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
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Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
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4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
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The variability of pollutant concen
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areas, traffic intersections etc. O
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Station Type Description Type C Res
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available then monitoring of specif
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manpower and needs to be calibrated
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averaging should be done and plotte
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necessary to readjust the position
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5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
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(a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
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2. Infrastructure for conducting In
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ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
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is to assess its ability to perform
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The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must n
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(vi) Lack of Dedicated Manpower If
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Site staff must be trained so that
Page 50 and 51: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITO
Page 52 and 53: Delhi - 110 032 e-mail : cpcb@alpha
Page 54 and 55: FOREWORD Under the Air (Prevention
Page 56 and 57: Table No. References 161 LIST OF TA
Page 58 and 59: 3.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are
Page 60 and 61: The Central Pollution Control Board
Page 62 and 63: S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
Page 64 and 65: (viii) High population exodus to th
Page 66 and 67: Monthly average of CO measured at B
Page 68 and 69: Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
Page 70 and 71: 3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
Page 72 and 73: Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
Page 74 and 75: 4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
Page 76 and 77: The data requirements, which are re
Page 78 and 79: their levels and determine trends.
Page 80 and 81: Station Type Description traffic vo
Page 82 and 83: Criteria for SO2 Measurements Sourc
Page 84 and 85: calibration parameters change. Meas
Page 86 and 87: The following must be followed for
Page 88 and 89: changed in inclement weather. Set t
Page 90 and 91: 5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
Page 92 and 93: (a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
Page 94 and 95: The primary requirement for conduct
Page 96 and 97: ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
Page 98 and 99: is to assess its ability to perform
Page 102 and 103: (xiii) Lack of Dedicated Manpower I
Page 104 and 105: laboratory staff must be trained so
Page 106 and 107: 1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
Page 108 and 109: 52 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
Page 110 and 111: 54 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
Page 112 and 113: the pollutant and accordingly selec
Page 114 and 115: contracts with change in humidity.
Page 116 and 117: and temperature has been set down i
Page 118 and 119: The impulse frequency emitted is pr
Page 120 and 121: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 64
Page 122 and 123: FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 66
Page 124 and 125: 3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
Page 126 and 127: measurement precision dominates at
Page 128 and 129: 6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
Page 130 and 131: Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
Page 132 and 133: of the face-plate. Look underneath
Page 134 and 135: Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
Page 136 and 137: 5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
Page 138 and 139: 6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
Page 140 and 141: chain-of-the custody log-book and o
Page 142 and 143: 5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
Page 144 and 145: 88 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
Page 146 and 147: The wavelength calibration of the i
Page 148 and 149: (ii) The absorbance of the reagent
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pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
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(A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
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Then the air sample flows into a re
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integral part of the apparatus, or
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6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
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FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
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7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
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6.0 APPARATUS 6.1 NDIR Analyser - f
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BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
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Maintain the same sample cell flow
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14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
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connected to the output manifold, t
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FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
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(Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
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7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
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9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
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9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
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9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
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8.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene
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SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
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FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
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10.3.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
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ates constant. For each calibration
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10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
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7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
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9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
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11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
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FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
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8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
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9.0 REAGENTS 9.1 Purity - All reage
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Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
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55 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
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57 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
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the pollutant and accordingly selec
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(iii) Technical Data Measuring rang
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3.1.3 Wind Speed Temperature measur
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(v) Preparation for Use (a) Selecti
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 67
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FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 69
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3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
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measurement precision dominates at
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6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
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Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
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of the face-plate. Look underneath
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Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
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6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
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chain-of-the custody log-book and o
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5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
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91 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
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The wavelength calibration of the i
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(ii) The absorbance of the reagent
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pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
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(A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
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Then the air sample flows into a re
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integral part of the apparatus, or
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6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
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FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
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7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
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6.0 APPARATUS 6.2 NDIR Analyser - f
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BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
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Maintain the same sample cell flow
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14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
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connected to the output manifold, t
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FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
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(Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
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7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
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9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
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9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
Page 294 and 295:
9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
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9.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene
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SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
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FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
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10.6.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
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ates constant. For each calibration
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10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
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7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
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9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
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11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
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FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
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8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
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9.0 REAGENTS 9.3 Purity - All reage
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Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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