Ambient Air quality Monitoring Guidlines. - Maharashtra Pollution ...

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(ii) Dilution System The permeation system in combination with an O3 – generator is manufactured within one 19 unit. The temperature of the permeation oven can be set alternatively to 40 or 50 o C by using a switch on the front plate of the unit. The flowrate of diluent gas through the permeation system is controlled by MFC 4 ( range 0-5 l/min.) Synthetic air or purified and dried air from a compressor should be used as diluent gas for the permeation system. The exit of the permeation system is directly connected to the mixing chamber. (iii) O3 – Generator As mentioned above, the O3 generator is part of the 19” unit of the permeation system. The generator in general consists of an UV- lamp ( length: 15” ) mounted into a glasschamber. The voltage of the lamp and thus the intensity of radiation is controlled by a high precision potentiometer on the front plate. The flowrate through the O3 – generator is controlled by MFC 5 (range: 0-5 l/min). Synthetic or purified and dried air from a compressor can be used. The air must provide a constant fraction of O2 which is not lower than 20%. The exit of the O3 generator is connected to an injector T. The injector is used to add NO gas to facilitate the gas phase titration. The NO-gas is controlled by MFC 7 ( range: 0-50 ml/min). A teflon tube of 1 m length ( 6/4 mm OD/ID) is used as a reaction chamber where the GPT takes place. The exit of this GPT- reaction chamber again is connected to the main mixing chamber. (iv) Generation of calibration gases using highly concentrated primary gas standards in pressurized gas cylinders ( e.g. SO2 ,NO,CO). MFC 6 to 8 (ranges: 0-500,0-50 and 0-5 ml/min) can be used to hook up pressurized gas cylinders of various components as primary source to generate test or calibration gases. Typical mixing ratios used range from 100 to 1000 ppm. To achieve practical concentrations (also in the emission range), a suitable MFC (6-8) can be chosen depending on the concentration of the primary gas standard and the total gas flow. (v) Gas Phase Titration (GPT) As a prerequisite for GPT, a constant flow of a well defined NO- concentration is needed. Turning on the UV-lamp and choosing an appropriate setting for lamp intensity and air flow, will give a sufficient source of O3. After mixing these two gas streams by means of the injector system, NO will be oxidized by O3 quantitatively within the reaction chamber (teflon tube). Assuming a yield of 100% (quantitative reaction), the amount of NO2 formed is identical to the original amount of O3. 42
The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must not exceed 80% of the mixing ratio of NO (ppb). Only if these conditions are met, the reaction NO+O3 -----> NO2 + O2 will consume the ozone completely. (vi) Basic Calculations General equation to calculate gas mixtures, using high concentrated calibration gases from pressurized cylinders as initial source: Vx C = Cv * .____________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8 ) General equation to calculate gas mixtures, using a permeation tube system as initial source PT C = _____________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8) .F General equation to calculate gas mixtures of O3, using an O3 – generator as initial source: Co3 C = ______________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8) General equation to calculate the relative humidity, in case the humidifier ( a simple gas bubbler or wash bottle) is used: V3 RH = 100 * _______________________________ (V1 + V2 + V3 +V4 +V5 +V6 +V7 + V8) Legend C: concentration of the corresponding gas after dilution (ppm, mixing ratio) Cv : concentration of the , “initial source” (ppm, mixing ratio of the calibration gas in pressurized gas cylinders) CO3 : Source strength of the O3 – generator ( ppm/l) RH : Relative humidity (%) PT : Permeation rate ( mg/min) 43
Page 1 and 2: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are
Page 3 and 4: The Central Pollution Control Board
Page 5 and 6: S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
Page 7 and 8: (viii) High population exodus to th
Page 9 and 10: a) Seasonal Variation in Carbon Mon
Page 11 and 12: Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
Page 13 and 14: 3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
Page 15 and 16: Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
Page 17 and 18: 4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
Page 19 and 20: The variability of pollutant concen
Page 21 and 22: areas, traffic intersections etc. O
Page 23 and 24: Station Type Description Type C Res
Page 25 and 26: available then monitoring of specif
Page 27 and 28: manpower and needs to be calibrated
Page 29 and 30: averaging should be done and plotte
Page 31 and 32: necessary to readjust the position
Page 33 and 34: 5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
Page 35 and 36: (a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
Page 37 and 38: 2. Infrastructure for conducting In
Page 39 and 40: ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
Page 41: is to assess its ability to perform
Page 45 and 46: (vi) Lack of Dedicated Manpower If
Page 47 and 48: Site staff must be trained so that
Page 50 and 51: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITO
Page 52 and 53: Delhi - 110 032 e-mail : cpcb@alpha
Page 54 and 55: FOREWORD Under the Air (Prevention
Page 56 and 57: Table No. References 161 LIST OF TA
Page 58 and 59: 3.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are
Page 60 and 61: The Central Pollution Control Board
Page 62 and 63: S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
Page 64 and 65: (viii) High population exodus to th
Page 66 and 67: Monthly average of CO measured at B
Page 68 and 69: Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
Page 70 and 71: 3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
Page 72 and 73: Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
Page 74 and 75: 4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
Page 76 and 77: The data requirements, which are re
Page 78 and 79: their levels and determine trends.
Page 80 and 81: Station Type Description traffic vo
Page 82 and 83: Criteria for SO2 Measurements Sourc
Page 84 and 85: calibration parameters change. Meas
Page 86 and 87: The following must be followed for
Page 88 and 89: changed in inclement weather. Set t
Page 90 and 91: 5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
Page 92 and 93:
(a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
Page 94 and 95:
The primary requirement for conduct
Page 96 and 97:
ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
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is to assess its ability to perform
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The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must n
Page 102 and 103:
(xiii) Lack of Dedicated Manpower I
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laboratory staff must be trained so
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1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
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52 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
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54 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
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the pollutant and accordingly selec
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contracts with change in humidity.
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and temperature has been set down i
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The impulse frequency emitted is pr
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 64
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FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 66
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3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
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measurement precision dominates at
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6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
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Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
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of the face-plate. Look underneath
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Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
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6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
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chain-of-the custody log-book and o
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5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
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88 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
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The wavelength calibration of the i
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(ii) The absorbance of the reagent
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pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
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(A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
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Then the air sample flows into a re
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integral part of the apparatus, or
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6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
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FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
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7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
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6.0 APPARATUS 6.1 NDIR Analyser - f
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BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
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Maintain the same sample cell flow
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14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
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connected to the output manifold, t
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FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
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(Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
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7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
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9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
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9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
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9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
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8.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene
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SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
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FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
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10.3.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
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ates constant. For each calibration
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10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
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7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
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9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
Page 204 and 205:
11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
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FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
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8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
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9.0 REAGENTS 9.1 Purity - All reage
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Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
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55 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
Page 218 and 219:
57 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
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the pollutant and accordingly selec
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(iii) Technical Data Measuring rang
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3.1.3 Wind Speed Temperature measur
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(v) Preparation for Use (a) Selecti
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 67
Page 230 and 231:
FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 69
Page 232 and 233:
3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
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measurement precision dominates at
Page 236 and 237:
6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
Page 238 and 239:
Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
Page 240 and 241:
of the face-plate. Look underneath
Page 242 and 243:
Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
Page 244 and 245:
5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
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6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
Page 248 and 249:
chain-of-the custody log-book and o
Page 250 and 251:
5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
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91 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
Page 254 and 255:
The wavelength calibration of the i
Page 256 and 257:
(ii) The absorbance of the reagent
Page 258 and 259:
pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
Page 260 and 261:
(A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
Page 262 and 263:
Then the air sample flows into a re
Page 264 and 265:
integral part of the apparatus, or
Page 266 and 267:
6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
Page 268 and 269:
FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
Page 270 and 271:
7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
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6.0 APPARATUS 6.2 NDIR Analyser - f
Page 274 and 275:
BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
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Maintain the same sample cell flow
Page 278 and 279:
14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
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connected to the output manifold, t
Page 282 and 283:
FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
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(Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
Page 286 and 287:
5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
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7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
Page 290 and 291:
9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
Page 292 and 293:
9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
Page 294 and 295:
9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
Page 296 and 297:
9.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene
Page 298 and 299:
SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
Page 300 and 301:
FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
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10.6.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
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ates constant. For each calibration
Page 306 and 307:
10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
Page 308 and 309:
7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
Page 310 and 311:
9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
Page 312 and 313:
11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
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FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
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8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
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9.0 REAGENTS 9.3 Purity - All reage
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Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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