Ambient Air quality Monitoring Guidlines. - Maharashtra Pollution ...

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9.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene Instrument - Two basic instrument designs has been developed for the measurement of total oxides of nitrogen, nitric oxide and the indirect determination of nitrogen dioxide. In both cases, the determination of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) and NO must be accomplished and the nitrogen dioxide calculated by subtraction of NO from the NOx. The two instrument configurations utilize the cyclic or dual mode of operation. 8.1.4 The cyclic mode instrument is shown schematically in Figure-1, and has a single reaction chamber and detector. The incoming sample air is alternately cycled directly to the reaction chamber to determine NO, or through the instrument converter to determine NOx. A normal cycle, which is approximately thirty (30) seconds, is accomplished by means of a timer controlled solenoid valve. Separate NOx and NO values are determined every thirty seconds. The photomultiplier tube outputs are amplified and stored in memory circuits; the difference output, nitrogen dioxide, is updated electronically after each cycle and similarly stored. Reorder outputs are available for all three measurement channels, NO, NO2 and NOx. 8.1.5 The dual mode instrument is shown schematically in Figure-2, and has two reaction chambers and a single detector. The incoming air sample is split into two separate streams. The NO sample stream is routed directly to the reaction chamber, while the NOx sample stream first passes through the instrument converter before entering the second reaction chamber. An optical chopper alternately exposes the detector to the respective chemiluminescent outputs, generating continuous outputs for both NO and NOx. The outputs are amplified and stored in memory circuits; real-time NO2 data obtained by difference are continuously generated. Reorder outputs are available for the NO, NO2, and NOx concentration. 8.1.6 Converters - For the accurate determination of nitrogen dioxide it is essential that the instrument converters have a high degree of efficiency (95%+) for the conversion of NO2 to NO. The converters employed in commercially available instruments are of two basic types. 8.1.6.1 Thermal Converters are made of a high grade stainless steel and operate at elevated temperatures, 600-800 o C. At these temperatures the breakdown of NO2 into NO and O2 occurs readily. These converters, though adequate for the breakdown of NO2 to NO, have the obvious disadvantage of converting ammonia into NO (See Section 6). 8.1.6.2 Chemical converters are to be found in the majority of chemiluminescence instruments used for ambient monitoring. These converters have the advantage of a much lower operating temperature, 200-400 o C, with efficient NO2 conversion. Molybdenum and carbon converters have been in general use and are available in commercial instruments. 130
SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE GENERATOR THREE WAY VALVE NO2 CONVERTER SCRUBBER ( O3 & NO2 ) FIG : 1 CYCLIC MODE CHEMILUMINESCENT ANALYZER. 131 REACTION CHAMBER PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE THERMOELECTRIC COOLER
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are
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The Central Pollution Control Board
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S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
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(viii) High population exodus to th
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a) Seasonal Variation in Carbon Mon
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Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
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3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
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Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
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4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
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The variability of pollutant concen
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areas, traffic intersections etc. O
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Station Type Description Type C Res
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available then monitoring of specif
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manpower and needs to be calibrated
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averaging should be done and plotte
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necessary to readjust the position
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5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
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(a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
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2. Infrastructure for conducting In
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ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
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is to assess its ability to perform
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The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must n
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(vi) Lack of Dedicated Manpower If
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Site staff must be trained so that
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NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITO
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Delhi - 110 032 e-mail : cpcb@alpha
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FOREWORD Under the Air (Prevention
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Table No. References 161 LIST OF TA
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3.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are
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The Central Pollution Control Board
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S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
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(viii) High population exodus to th
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Monthly average of CO measured at B
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Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
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3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
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Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
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4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
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The data requirements, which are re
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their levels and determine trends.
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Station Type Description traffic vo
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Criteria for SO2 Measurements Sourc
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calibration parameters change. Meas
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The following must be followed for
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changed in inclement weather. Set t
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5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
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(a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
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The primary requirement for conduct
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ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
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is to assess its ability to perform
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The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must n
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(xiii) Lack of Dedicated Manpower I
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laboratory staff must be trained so
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1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
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52 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
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54 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
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the pollutant and accordingly selec
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contracts with change in humidity.
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and temperature has been set down i
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The impulse frequency emitted is pr
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 64
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FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 66
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3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
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measurement precision dominates at
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6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
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Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
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of the face-plate. Look underneath
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Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
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6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
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chain-of-the custody log-book and o
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5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
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88 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
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The wavelength calibration of the i
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(ii) The absorbance of the reagent
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pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
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(A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
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Then the air sample flows into a re
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integral part of the apparatus, or
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6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
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FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
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7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
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6.0 APPARATUS 6.1 NDIR Analyser - f
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BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
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Maintain the same sample cell flow
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14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
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connected to the output manifold, t
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FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
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(Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
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7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
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9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
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9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
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9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
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8.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene
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SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
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FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
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10.3.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
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ates constant. For each calibration
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10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
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7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
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9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
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11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
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FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
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8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
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9.0 REAGENTS 9.1 Purity - All reage
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Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
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55 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
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57 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
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the pollutant and accordingly selec
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(iii) Technical Data Measuring rang
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3.1.3 Wind Speed Temperature measur
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(v) Preparation for Use (a) Selecti
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 67
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FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 69
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3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
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measurement precision dominates at
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6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
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Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
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of the face-plate. Look underneath
Page 242 and 243:
Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
Page 244 and 245:
5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
Page 246 and 247: 6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
Page 248 and 249: chain-of-the custody log-book and o
Page 250 and 251: 5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
Page 252 and 253: 91 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
Page 254 and 255: The wavelength calibration of the i
Page 256 and 257: (ii) The absorbance of the reagent
Page 258 and 259: pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
Page 260 and 261: (A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
Page 262 and 263: Then the air sample flows into a re
Page 264 and 265: integral part of the apparatus, or
Page 266 and 267: 6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
Page 268 and 269: FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
Page 270 and 271: 7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
Page 272 and 273: 6.0 APPARATUS 6.2 NDIR Analyser - f
Page 274 and 275: BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
Page 276 and 277: Maintain the same sample cell flow
Page 278 and 279: 14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
Page 280 and 281: connected to the output manifold, t
Page 282 and 283: FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
Page 284 and 285: (Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
Page 286 and 287: 5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
Page 288 and 289: 7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
Page 290 and 291: 9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
Page 292 and 293: 9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
Page 294 and 295: 9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
Page 298 and 299: SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
Page 300 and 301: FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
Page 302 and 303: 10.6.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
Page 304 and 305: ates constant. For each calibration
Page 306 and 307: 10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
Page 308 and 309: 7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
Page 310 and 311: 9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
Page 312 and 313: 11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
Page 314 and 315: FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
Page 316 and 317: 8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
Page 318 and 319: 9.0 REAGENTS 9.3 Purity - All reage
Page 320 and 321: Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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