Ambient Air quality Monitoring Guidlines. - Maharashtra Pollution ...

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3.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are added in the atmosphere from variety of sources that change the composition of atmosphere and affect the biotic environment. The concentration of air pollutants depend not only on the quantities that are emitted from air pollution sources but also on the ability of the atmosphere to either absorb or disperse these emissions. The air pollution concentration vary spatially and temporarily causing the air pollution pattern to change with different locations and time due to changes in meteorological and topographical condition. The sources of air pollutants include vehicles, industries, domestic sources and natural sources. Because of the presence of high amount of air pollutants in the ambient air, the health of the population and property is getting adversely affected. In order to arrest the deterioration in air quality, Govt. of India has enacted Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in 1981. The responsibility has been further emphasized under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. It is necessary to assess the present and anticipated air pollution through continuous air quality survey/monitoring programs. Therefore, Central Pollution Control Board had started National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) Network during 1984 - 85 at national level. The programme was later renamed as National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP). The report presents guidelines for carrying out ambient air quality monitoring under NAMP. Ambient air quality monitoring is carried out so as to generate data that meets the objectives of monitoring. Ambient air quality monitoring programme are needed to determine the existing quality of air, evaluation of the effectiveness of control programme and to develop new programme. The report aims towards developing a more uniform air monitoring network so that data from various stations is comparable. The report discusses the various aspects of air quality monitoring network such as, which pollutants should be monitored, location where monitoring should be carried out and the various techniques of monitoring. The legal requirements in India for carrying out ambient air quality monitoring are also discussed. These requirements serve as basis on which objectives of ambient air quality monitoring are determined. The ambient air quality monitoring network involves measurement of a number of air pollutants at number of locations in the country so as to meet objectives of the monitoring. Any air quality monitoring network thus involves selection of pollutants, selection of locations, frequency, duration of sampling, sampling techniques, infrastructural facilities, man power and operation and maintenance costs. The network design also depends upon the type of pollutants in the atmosphere through various common sources, called common urban air pollutants, such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) etc. . The areas to be chosen primarily are such areas which represent high traffic density, industrial growth, human population and its distribution, emission source, public complaints if any and the land use pattern etc. Generally, most of the time the basis of a network design are the pollution source and the pollutant present. 58
1.1 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 Government of India enacted the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 to arrest the deterioration in the air quality. The act prescribes various functions for the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at the apex level and State Pollution Control Boards at the state level. The main functions of the Central Pollution Control Board are as follows: • To advise the Central Government on any matter concerning the improvement of the quality of the air and the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. • To plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. • To provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Pollution Control Board. • To carry out and sponsor investigations and research related to prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. • To collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data related to air pollution; and • To lay down standards for the quality of air and emission quantities. The main functions of the State Pollution Control Boards are as follows: • To plan a comprehensive programme for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution and to secure the execution thereof; • To advise the State Government on any matter concerning prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. • To collect and disseminate information related to air pollution. • To collaborate with Central Pollution Control Board in programme related to prevention, control and abatement of air pollution; and • To inspect air pollution control areas, assess quality of air and to take steps for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in such areas. 1.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) The ambient air quality objectives/standards are pre-requisite for developing programme for effective management of ambient air quality and to reduce the damaging effects of air pollution. The objectives of air quality standards are: - • To indicate the levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health, vegetation and property. • To assist in establishing priorities for abatement and control of pollutant level; • To provide uniform yardstick for assessing air quality at national level; and • To indicate the need and extent of monitoring programme. 59
Page 1 and 2:
1.0 INTRODUCTION Air pollutants are
Page 3 and 4:
The Central Pollution Control Board
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S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
Page 7 and 8: (viii) High population exodus to th
Page 9 and 10: a) Seasonal Variation in Carbon Mon
Page 11 and 12: Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
Page 13 and 14: 3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
Page 15 and 16: Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
Page 17 and 18: 4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
Page 19 and 20: The variability of pollutant concen
Page 21 and 22: areas, traffic intersections etc. O
Page 23 and 24: Station Type Description Type C Res
Page 25 and 26: available then monitoring of specif
Page 27 and 28: manpower and needs to be calibrated
Page 29 and 30: averaging should be done and plotte
Page 31 and 32: necessary to readjust the position
Page 33 and 34: 5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
Page 35 and 36: (a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
Page 37 and 38: 2. Infrastructure for conducting In
Page 39 and 40: ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
Page 41 and 42: is to assess its ability to perform
Page 43 and 44: The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must n
Page 45 and 46: (vi) Lack of Dedicated Manpower If
Page 47 and 48: Site staff must be trained so that
Page 50 and 51: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITO
Page 52 and 53: Delhi - 110 032 e-mail : cpcb@alpha
Page 54 and 55: FOREWORD Under the Air (Prevention
Page 56 and 57: Table No. References 161 LIST OF TA
Page 60 and 61: The Central Pollution Control Board
Page 62 and 63: S.No. Problem Area Type of Industry
Page 64 and 65: (viii) High population exodus to th
Page 66 and 67: Monthly average of CO measured at B
Page 68 and 69: Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 2.2.3 Long
Page 70 and 71: 3.2 National Air Monitoring Program
Page 72 and 73: Number of Monitoring Stations 40 35
Page 74 and 75: 4.0 GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING For s
Page 76 and 77: The data requirements, which are re
Page 78 and 79: their levels and determine trends.
Page 80 and 81: Station Type Description traffic vo
Page 82 and 83: Criteria for SO2 Measurements Sourc
Page 84 and 85: calibration parameters change. Meas
Page 86 and 87: The following must be followed for
Page 88 and 89: changed in inclement weather. Set t
Page 90 and 91: 5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY C
Page 92 and 93: (a) Inter Laboratory Proficiency Te
Page 94 and 95: The primary requirement for conduct
Page 96 and 97: ZERO GAS VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR (
Page 98 and 99: is to assess its ability to perform
Page 100 and 101: The mixing ratio of O3 (ppb) must n
Page 102 and 103: (xiii) Lack of Dedicated Manpower I
Page 104 and 105: laboratory staff must be trained so
Page 106 and 107: 1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
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52 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
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54 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
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the pollutant and accordingly selec
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contracts with change in humidity.
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and temperature has been set down i
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The impulse frequency emitted is pr
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 64
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FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 66
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3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
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measurement precision dominates at
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6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
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Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
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of the face-plate. Look underneath
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Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
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6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
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chain-of-the custody log-book and o
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5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
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88 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
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The wavelength calibration of the i
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(ii) The absorbance of the reagent
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pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
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(A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
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Then the air sample flows into a re
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integral part of the apparatus, or
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6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
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FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
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7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
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6.0 APPARATUS 6.1 NDIR Analyser - f
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BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
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Maintain the same sample cell flow
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14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
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connected to the output manifold, t
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FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
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(Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
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5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
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7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
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9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
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9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
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9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
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8.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene
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SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
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FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
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10.3.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
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ates constant. For each calibration
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10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
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7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
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9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
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11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
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FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
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8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
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9.0 REAGENTS 9.1 Purity - All reage
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Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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1. AIR SAMPLING - GASEOUS 1.0 TITLE
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55 Fig. 1 Sampling Train
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57 Fig. 4 Critical Orifice Device
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the pollutant and accordingly selec
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(iii) Technical Data Measuring rang
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3.1.3 Wind Speed Temperature measur
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(v) Preparation for Use (a) Selecti
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - 1 67
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FIG. 1 (a) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 69
Page 232 and 233:
3. DETERMINATION OF SUSPENDED PARTI
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measurement precision dominates at
Page 236 and 237:
6.4.4 Equilibration Rack - This rac
Page 238 and 239:
Receive Filters, inspect (light tab
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of the face-plate. Look underneath
Page 242 and 243:
Atmosphere". Federal Register, 52 F
Page 244 and 245:
5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Passive Depos
Page 246 and 247:
6.4.4 Numbering Machine - Though fi
Page 248 and 249:
chain-of-the custody log-book and o
Page 250 and 251:
5. DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
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91 FIG. 1.0 SO2 SAMPLING TRAIN
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The wavelength calibration of the i
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(ii) The absorbance of the reagent
Page 258 and 259:
pipe cleaner after use. If, the tem
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(A - Ao) (10 3 ) (B) C = ----------
Page 262 and 263:
Then the air sample flows into a re
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integral part of the apparatus, or
Page 266 and 267:
6.4 Pressure Regulator The output s
Page 268 and 269:
FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CALIB
Page 270 and 271:
7. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
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6.0 APPARATUS 6.2 NDIR Analyser - f
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BLOWER SAMPLE INLET PORT FOUR WAY V
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Maintain the same sample cell flow
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14.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 14.1 Ana
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connected to the output manifold, t
Page 282 and 283:
FIG. 3 MULTIPLE CYLINDER CALIBRATIO
Page 284 and 285:
(Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometr
Page 286 and 287:
5.0 INTERFERENCES 5.1 Nitric oxide
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7.1.6 Air Pump - Capable of maintai
Page 290 and 291:
9.1.3.2 Solution B - Pipet 25 ml of
Page 292 and 293:
9.4.7 A randomly selected 5-10% of
Page 294 and 295:
9. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXIDES
Page 296 and 297:
9.0 APPARATUS 8.1 Chemiluminescene
Page 298 and 299:
SAMPLE INLET PUMP AIR DRYER OZONE G
Page 300 and 301:
FIG. 3 CALIBRATION SYSTEM COMPONENT
Page 302 and 303:
10.6.1 Flow Conditions - Insure tha
Page 304 and 305:
ates constant. For each calibration
Page 306 and 307:
10. DETERMINATION OF OZONE IN THE A
Page 308 and 309:
7.0 APPARATUS 7.1 Sampling Probe -
Page 310 and 311:
9.4 Blank Correction - Measure the
Page 312 and 313:
11. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OZONE
Page 314 and 315:
FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TYPIC
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8.2 Air Inlet Filter - A Teflon fil
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9.0 REAGENTS 9.3 Purity - All reage
Page 320 and 321:
Where : Ozone Conc.CTA = the ozone
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